Lecture three: The origins of Bolshevism and What Is To Be Done? Part 7

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Lecture three: The origins of Bolshevism and What Is To Be Done?

Õ°¯£ã MKæ¨Û: ´£ôSMÍàF° ´Ó£ü¯ã Òü¡ã "‚°˘ ™ÍåÚ ´ıá¥ã?"

∞F 1 | ∞F 2 | ∞F 3 | ∞F 4 |∞F 5|∞F 6|∞F 7

By David North
13 September 2005

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ﬁ∂ ''´£ôSMÍàF° ´Ó£ü¯ã Òü¡ã ‚°˘ ™ÍåÚ ´ıá¥ã? ‚°¯ Ó¨ÙäHô ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨ÙàÓ˜ ›CKÚò ∞øà Ó¨Ùıò ´ÏMÜ ´Ô£òàF˘£ô, IÑCË° ‹° ›òKô, ‹™ÒKÇË ´Í£ÍLÍ ÍÒà∂ıÇ ËÜC Òü¡ã ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨Ùà Ó˜ ´Ë£¨Ï úOJô, ›ËvÜ 14 ∫Óô ›ËvÜ 20 ı¨Û GËõàFÚ Õ°¯£ã MKæ¨ÛJ° ∫Óô ∞FÚ£∞ã. ﬁâÓ MKæ¨Û „ø ∞FË˜£Ë ™ıOıºã.

ﬁ∂ ﬁäúOJô ™Ë£¥ÇËäÜÏ Õ°¯£ã MKæ¨ÛÚ£∞ã. "ÛwÚ£ä πÛÜCªã ﬁºÓ£ã Àü¯£áÆ° bòÇËäÏ£Ó ıÛÙ£ü¡ä HÛÑC¨˘Ë¿ã" ‚°¯ ∫Óô MKæ¨Û ›ÉAÙàFô ›ËvÜ 29ô ﬁºâ∂ ™ÍäÏãò 1 ı¨Û Ô£°∞ ∞FË˜£Ë ™ıOJÏäÜÏ∂. ﬁÛáÏ£ı∂ MKæ¨ÛÚ£˘ "ﬁºÓ£ã Àü¯£áÆ° ∫â¨ÓÚ ™£øFô Ò£òÇCÍà¨Ó ‚Fòà∂ FºàÓôı£Óã" ‚°∂ Õ°¡ ∞FË˜£Ë ™ÍäÏãò 2, 4 Òü¡ã 5 ›AÚ ´ÓFËOô ›ÉAÙàFô ™ıOJÏäÜÏ∂. ﬁâÓ MKæ¨ÛË¿ã ´ÏMÜ ´Ô£òà ‹OàÓ¨ı´Ú.

ıòÇË Ô˘æã "‹ÛCÚô ‹ãÙä¥àÓôË¿ã"

‹äÆÚ£˘£ô, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° ‹ÛCÚô Ô˘æ ‚öı£¡ ı˜òÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã? ﬁâÓÇ ´ËúMÇ∞ ™ÙQ° ™Ë£¥àÓ M¨Ï IËÇ Ëı˘Ò£˘ ÆäHü∞KÚ∂. ™£º˜£Ó£Û ı£FË¿Ç´Ë£, A˜òÑC ‚°∂ ™£º˜£Ó£Û "™Û£ÜÆ, ™ıá¨Ì" HÛÑC¨˘Ë¿Ï° ™Ó£ÏòπÜÏ Òü¡ã ™Ó£NüÍ£¨ÙJô ‚Fò™Ë£ú˜ä¥ã ‡Ï˘Æä HÛÑC¨˘Ë¿ã ıòÇË Ô˘¨ı ı˜òà∂Ç™Ë£úıÓü∞ ∫ÇAÚ ıNı¨ËË˜£∞ã. ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ıòÇË Ô˘æ ‹àÓ¨ËÚ ∞¡AÚ ™£º˜£Ó£Û ‹Æä¨ÏJô ı˜òÇËäÏ ∫ÆÚ£∂ ‚°¯ G¨Ùä£ÜÆô, ™ÙQ° IË ™ıOä¨ÏÚ£Ë´ı ﬁâÓÇ Ëºà∂º¨ı GÛ£ËKàÓ£ò. ‡Ï˘ÆÚ£˘ ™£º˜£Ó£Û ÔÙ°Ë¿ÇË£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏã ™Ó£NüÍÉË Ô˘¨ı ı˜òäÓü∞ ÒÜ¥´Ò ´£∂Ò£˘∂: ‹Ó£ı∂ ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı Ô˘¨ı ı˜òäÓü∞ ´£∂Ò£˘Ó£∞ã. πÛÜCËÛ ıòÇË Ô˘¨ı ı˜òäÓü∞, ´Í£ÍLv¥Ëú ÓÉËú ´£Û£ÜÏà¨Ó ‹ÛCÚô ‹ãÙä¥àÓôËú ‚˘ ™ÙQ° ∞PäHÜÏıüPô Ëı˘à¨Ó ™ÍΩà∂Óô ´Ó¨ı™Ú°¡ ıLª¡àF˘£ò.

"‹àÓ¨ËÚ ‹ãÙä¥àÓôËú ıN∫¨¯Ë¨˜àÓMÛ ´ı¡ ‚âÓ ıNJΩã, ÒÇËú ‹ÛCÚô Ô˘æ Òü¡ã πÛÜCËÛ ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËJô Jü¡MÇËäÏ ∫ÆÚ£∂. ‚˘´ı ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ë Íòı´ÓÍ ÍÕË ¸˘Ô£ÚËã ÂÜ¥™Ò£àÓàFü∞ã IË ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ EËOô Â°¯£∞ã; „™˘Qô ‹ÛCÚô ≤ÓâFÛã √Ï ‚âÓMÓàFΩã ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ‹ãÙä¥àÓ¨Ù π¯ãÓúOMÏ ∫ÆÚ£∂; ‹∂ ™ÍôÙMºÇ∞ã F¨ÍJ° ™ÍÚüË˜à¨Ó ÒÜ¥ãÓ£° Ò£ü¡ã." [27]

‚Ò∂ Ë£ÙàF´Ù´Ú ´Í£ÍLÍ Ô˘M° Ó°¨Ò Òü¡ã ∫ÇAÚà∂ıàFô MÚäÃÜ¥ã ı¨ËJô iõÑCÚ¨Ïâ∂ ﬁºÇ∞ã G¨ÙJô, W´ˆ ‡ú˜ ™Í£üËú ‹ıüP° ™£ºâ∂ã Ó°¨Ò¨Ú CP∂ã ﬁˆâ∂MÏMô¨Ù; ™Í£ôÙä´£˘£ô, ﬁÑ™Í£üËO° ∫ÇAÚà∂ıã √Æªú˜˘; ‚˘ ™ÙQ° ‚øF˘£ò:

"‚âÓ ıòÇËã £FÇËä¥A¯∂ ‚°¨Ó üPÇ Ëı¨ÙäÏ£∂, ™Ó£NÙ£˜òËú ‹¨˘à∂MÓ ™Ë£¥É´Ë£°¨Ò, ‹ÏÇ∞∫¨¯, ı°∫¨¯, Óı¯£Ëä Ú°¥à∂Óô ‚°¡ ‹¨˘à∂ ı¨ËËOΩã, ‹ıüPü∞ FÙOÇË JüC ™Ë£¥ÇËäÜÆºâÓ£ô ÂNÚ, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° Ô˘æ ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ‹ÛCÚô Ô˘ı£Ë ﬁºÇË ∫ÆÚ£∂; ´ÒΩã ‹ıòË¿Ç∞ ﬁöMÓ M¨ÏJ¡àÓLô Âº ÍÕË ¸˘Ô£ÚË [‹Ó£ı∂, πÛÜCËÛÒ£˘] £ò¨ıJô ﬁºâ∂ JüC ™Ë£¥ÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã; ﬁ∂ÓMòâÓ ´ı¡ ‚∂æã Ú°ÓÛ£∂. ™Ó£NÙ£˜òËú v…ÙÒ£˘ Òü¡ã ‚ôÙ£ıüPü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë Òü¨¯Ú Âö™ı£º ÍÕË ıòÇËÉËO° πàFpMÓ, ‹¯™ÔP, ‹ÛCÚô ı£õM° ‹¨˘à∂ M˜ÇAÇË£ÜÏôËOLºâ∂ã, v…ÙÒ£Ë, ‚ôÙ£ıüPü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë „¨˘Ú Âö™ı£º ÍÕË ıòÇËà¨Óªã ‹ıÓ£QäÓüË£˘ ‹ÛCÚô ı£õM° ‹¨˘à∂ ‡á¨ÒËú, GËõæËú ›AÚıüP° ™ıOä£¥ËOô ﬁºâ∂ Ëü¡Ç™Ë£ú˜£Òô, ‹¨˘à∂ ıòÇËÉËú, ÓÜ¥ÇËú, ÒÇËÜ™Ó£∞äH° HKæËú ﬁıüP° ı£õÇ¨Ë Òü¡ã ™ÍÚü£ÜÆ° ‹¨˘à∂ √¡£¥Ë¨˜ªã ÍÏFÚ£Ë ÒFäHÏÇ Ëü¡ Ô¨Ï∫¨¯gFÚ£Ë HÛ´Ú£AÇË JüC ‹OÇËäÜÆºâÓ£ô ‹°P, ™Ó£NÙ£˜òËO° ıòÇË Ô˘æ ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ıòÇË Ô˘ı£Ë ﬁºÇË ∫ÆÚ£∂. ‚ıò ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° Ëı˘ã, ‹ıÓ£˘ã, Ô˘æ ›AÚıüPô Ó°˘âÓQÚ£Ë ‹ôÙ∂ ∫ÇAÚÒ£Ë Ëı˘ã Ë£Ü¥A°¯˘´Û£ ‹ıòËú ÒÜ¥ã ÍÕË ¸˘Ô£ÚËı£FËú ›ËÒ£ÜÏ£òËú; „™˘Qô ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËà¨Ó üPÚ ≤Ú ‹Pæ, ÓMòÇË∫ÆÚ£Òô ™ÓOı£˘ Óà∂ı£òàÓ M˜ÇËàFô ÒÜ¥ã ÓQ´Ú H¨ÌâFÛ£Òô --ﬁ°¬ã ™Í£ôÙä´£˘£ô Óà∂ı£òàÓ M˜ÇËã ‚°PôÙ£Òô Ô¨Ï∫¨¯ ‹PÓLΩã ‚°¡ √¡ı∂ ‡á¨ÒÚ£∞ã ---- ÓüË£Ù ÍÕËàF° ‹¨˘à∂ ıòÇËÉË¿Ç∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ﬁºÇ∞ã ‡¯æË¨˜, ‹ÛCÚô ı£õM° ‹¬ıÉËú ÕÙã ‡åà∂ÌòA°¯˘´Û£ ‹ıòËúÓ£° ÍÕË ¸˘Ô£ÚËı£FËú. ﬁÇË£ÛÌàFüË£Ë, ™ı∞¸˘ÉË¨˜ ‹ÛCÚô ﬁÚÇËàFü∞ú ﬂòäÓü∞ IËæã ÛıÙ£˘ ™£ºàÓÒ£˘ ıNı¨Ë ™£º˜£Ó£Ûä ´£Û£ÜÏã ‚°¯ ‚Ò∂ ™£º˜£Ó£Ûı£FËú ´£FÇ∞ã Ëºà∂ºı£˘∂ I∞âÓ b¨ÒÚä∂Ï° Ô¨Ï∫¨¯ ∫ÇAÚà∂ıàFΩã Hü´£Ç∞àÓ°¨Ò ‡¨ÏÚ˘ı£∞ã." [28]

™Ó£NÙ£˜òË¨˜ IËM¨ÛMΩã ‚OFΩã ﬂòäÓü∞ã ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ›ÓÛ¨ı ™¡ıÓü∞ã ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ™£º˜£Ó£Û Òü¡ã "›¨ÙJ° Ó˜" HÛÑC¨˘ËOô ∫ÇAÚ Ëı˘ã Ë£ÜÏ´ıá¥ã, ´Í£ÍLv¥Ë¿¨ÏÚ ∫ÇAÚ ™ÍÚü£¥ ™Ó£NÙ£˜K° ‹°¯£Ï ™£º˜£Ó£Û HÛÑC¨˘ËOô ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ √PÚ FºàÓôı£FËú, ´Í£ÍLÍ Ô˘M° ı˜òÑC ‚°¯ ‹òàÓàFô, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ò ﬁÚÇËàF° Ó°QÚô£˘ ‚øÑCÇ∞ ‡á¨ÒJô ∫ÇAÚà∂ıã ı£åâÓ ÉËOäπ ‚¨Óªã ‹OÇËMô¨Ù ‚°¨Ó ™ÙQ° ıLª¡àF˘£ò. ‡á¨ÒJô, ‹ıòËú Âº πÛÜCËÛ ´Í£ÍLv¥Ë˜£Ë ™ÍÚôÏMô¨Ù, ™ı¡ã ™Ó£NüÍÉË ı£FË˜£ËàÓ£° ™ÍÚô¥A°¯˘ò. ™Ó£NÙ£˜òËú „üË˘´ı Ô°∞ ‹Pâ∂ú˜ ‹°¯£Ï ™Ó£NüÍ£¨Ù Òü¡ã ´ı¨ÙªÏ° ™Ó£Ïòπ¨ÏÚ HÛÑC¨˘Ë¨˜ üP ‹ıòËOÏã ´≤ı∂ ´Í£ÍLv¥ËO° ´ı¨Ù ‹ôÙ; Ò£¯£Ë ‹ıòËú ÓÉË¿¨ÏÚ ‡Ï˘ÆÚ£˘ ™£º˜£Ó£Û ‹¬ıàFô ™¯ ∫ÆÚ£Ó ‹ÛCÚô ‹P¨ı üPàÓ£° ´Í´ıá¥ã.

"πàFpMË˜£AÚ cÉËú ﬁâÓ ‹P¨ıä ™¯ ∫Æªã" ‚°¡ ™Ó£NÙ£˜K° ∞ÛLô √¡ı∂ ´£ô ™ÙQ° ‚øF˘£ò: "‡ÉË¿¨ÏÚ ËÏ¨Ò ﬁä™£ø∂ ﬁºä¨ÓMÏ ‚ÉË¿Ç∞ À¡, ›JÛã ÒÏÉ∞ √¥ÓÙ£˘ ‹˜Mô ‹¬ıà¨Ó ‚ÉËOÏã ™Ë£á¥ıÛ´ıá¥ã. cÉËú ‚ÉË¿Ç∞ Mı£Óã, ∂á¥ä HÛ≤ÛÉËú, ËÜ¥¨ÛËú ‚°¯ ıÆıÉËOô ÒÜ¥ã M˚ÚÉË¨˜ ıˆÉË£Òô (Ô£ÉËú ™ıOä¨ÏÚ£ËÇ √¡ıÓü∞ Ò°QÇËæã, ﬁ¨ı ‹¨˘à∂´Ò ´Í£òæÓÜ¥ı∂Ó£°), ﬁÇËÌàFô ı£õM° Ù ∂¨¯ËOΩã, ‚Ò∂ ‹ÛÍ£ÉË∫ã Ôã∫¨ÏÚ ›¿ã ıòÇËÉË¿ã ‚°˘ ™ÍåA°¯˘ ‚°¨Ó ™ÓOı£Ë ™ıOÇË£Ü¥ã ı¨ËJô ∂ôLÚ ıÆMô √¯´ıá¥ã." [29]

™ÙQ°, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° ™£º˜£Ó£Ûä ´£Û£ÜÏÉËú üP ‹ÍÜ¨ÏÚ£Ë ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°´¯£, Ëı˘àF™Ù¥ÇË£∂ π¯ÇËEÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°´¯£ ›´Ù£Í¨˘ √¯Mô¨Ù. ‹äÆÚ£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏÉËú üPÚFô ´Ó¨ıÚü¯, b¨ÒÚÇË √ÆÚ ı¨ËJô ´Í£ÍLv¥Ëú ‹ıü¡Ï° Óã¨Ò ﬁ¨Ìà∂Ç ™Ë£úı¨Ó ‚FòàÓ£ò. ™£º˜£Ó£Û HÛÑC¨˘Ëú Òü¡ã ™Ó£NüÍÉË ´£Û£ÜÏÉË¿Ï¬ã ÓÉËO° ‹ÛCÚô ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ë¨Ú ÒÜ¥ä¥àFÇ™Ë£ú¿ã ‹ıòËO° ´£Ç¨Ë Òü¡ã ÍÕËàFü∞ú Âº πÛÜCËÛ ÍÇFÚ£Ë ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËã ‚Fò´Ô£Ç∞ã ∫ÇAÚ ‹Æä¨Ï ‹ÛCÚô HÛÑC¨˘Ëú üPÚ ‹ıòËO° π¯ÇËEä¨ªã ÓMòä¨ªã ‚FòàÓ£ò. ´ÒΩã ´Í£ÍLv¥Ëú ™Ó£NüÍÉË ´£Û£ÜÏÉËOô Ó¨Ùf¥ ™Íåªã´£∂ ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ™£¡äπ, ™ÙQ° ‚øFªú˜Æ, "™Ó£NÙ£˜òËO¨Ï´Ú ÔÏÇ∞ã ™£º˜£Ó£Ûä ´£Û£ÜÏàFô ´Ó£°¡ã ‹ÛCÚô Ô˘M° ™£PË¨˜, ÍÕË ¸˘Ô£ÚË ‹ÛCÚô Ô˘M° ÓÛàFü∞ ™Ó£NÙ£˜òË¨˜ ‡Úòà∂ıÓü∞ Ú°¥àÓ ´ıá¥ã." [30]

‚°˘ ™ÍåÚ´ıá¥ã? üPÚ ÒFä£åæÇ∞ ﬁàÓ¨˘ ´ÔÛã ‚¥à∂Ç ™Ë£á´Ï°; „™˘Qô, Ô£ã ‡á¨ÒJô ´CÇ ™Ë£áÆºä∂ ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨Ùà Ó˜àF° Óà∂ı∫ã ∫°´˘£Ç∞ã ‚°∂ ‡ÉËú ‹¨˘ıºÇ∞ã ™ÓOı£AJºÇ∞ã.

∫ü¡ã

Notes:

[27] Vol. 5, p. 412 (italics in the original).

[28] Ibid, pp. 412-13 (italics in the orginal).

[29] Ibid, p. 417 (italics in the orginal).

[30] Ibid, p. 416 (italics in the orginal).