SEP public meeting in Wellington

WSWS :Tamil : ™ÍåFËú ›åæËú : ıÏ ‹™ÒKÇË

SEP public meeting in Wellington

Causes and consequences of the "war on terror"

™ıLÉÏQô SEP ™£∂Ç√ÜÏã

"ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£K°" Ë£ÛÌÉË¿ã, M¨˜æË¿ã

By Nick Beams
4 October 2006

Use this version to print | Send this link by email | Email the author

™ÍäÏãò 28 ‹°¡ ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨Ùà Ó˜ã GŒCÙ£âFΩú˜ ™ıLÉÏQô "™ÍäÏãò 11ô ﬁºâ∂ ‰â∂ ›á¥Ëú: ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£K°'' Ë£ÛÌÉËú Òü¡ã M¨˜æËú ‚°¯ Ó¨ÙäHô Âº ™£∂Ç √ÜÏà¨Ó ÔÏ£àFÚ∂. ﬁÇ√ÜÏàFô ›vF´ÛLÚ ´Í£ÍLÍ ÍÒà∂ıÇ ËÜCJ° ´ÓCÚ ™ÍÚÙ£˜ò GÇ dãv Òü¡ã WSWS ﬁ° GŒCÙ£â∂ Gºò ´¸£° HÛ£ÜÏ£Ç ›A´Ú£ò ‡¨ÛÚ£üP˘ò. (£òÇË "WSWS holds public meeting in Wellington, New Zealand"). √ÜÏàFô dãv ›üPÚ ‡¨Û¨Ú W´ˆ Ë£ÌÙ£ã.

‹™ÒKÇË Òü¡ã ‡ÙË ‹ÛCÚô ›AÚ ﬁº £ò¨ıJΩã ™ÍäÏãò 11, 2001 Âº ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ Fºäπ ∫¨˘Ú£Ë ﬁºâÓ∂ ‚°Fô ‰ÚIô¨Ù. ›˘£ô ‰â∂ ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ä H°˘ò, ‹âÓ ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ Ô£Oô ∂ôLÚÒ£Ë ‚°˘ ÔÏâÓ∂ ‚°¨Óà ™ÓOæ¥à∂ã E ﬁ°¬ã ‚ÖCªú˜∂; ‹´Ó´£ô ‹Ó¨˘ ™Ó£ÏòâÓ Ù GËõæËO° ‹ÛCJô ∫ÇAÚà∂ı∫ã M˜ÇËäÏ ´ıáÆªú˜∂.

‡ÙËã ∫øı∂ã ﬁºÇ∞ã, πw Gòı£Ëã Òü¡ã ‹Ó° ›ÓÛı£˜òË¿Ç∞ã ﬁ¨ÏMÏ£Òô ™ÍåF ·ÏËàF° ÓËıôËO° ›ÓÛæÏ° ‹âÔ£O° GËõæËO° ∫ÇAÚà∂ıã ™ÓOı£ËàÓ£° ‡ú˜∂. ‹ıòËú ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ‚°¡ ÒÜ¥ã ﬁôÙ£Òô ´Ò¨Ù Ô£ËKËàFü∞ ‚FÛ£Ëæã ‹âÔ£O° GËõæËú Âº ´£ò ™Ó£ÏÇËà¨Ó „ü¥àF˘ ‚°¡ã Òü¡ã ﬁä´£ò ﬁvÙ£IÚ ‹Æä¨Ïı£FË˜£ô Âº ÒÓä ´£Û£Ë ≤ÓâFÛà¨Óªã ¸˘Ô£ÚËà¨Óªã ‹NäÓüË£˘ ‡ÙËä EJ° Âº ∞FÚ£Ëæã, ‡ÙA° ∫ÇAÚ ∞FËú e∂ ÓÉËú Hü´£Ç∞ CâÓ¨˘¨Ú ≤Òà∂ıF° Âº ∞FÚ£Ëæã ´Òü™Ë£ú˜äÜÏ∂ ‚˘Ç√¯äÜÏ∂.

Ô£T ´¸òÒQ ‚øÑCÇ∞ H°˘ò, ‡ÙËã TË£àF˘ò FÜÏIÜ¥ πFÚ Ó£Ç∞ÓôË¨˜ ÓÚ£KÇ∞ã ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ›à¨Ó ‚Fò™Ë£áÏFô¨Ù ‚°¡ã ‹¨ı √¡A°¯˘. ´ÒΩã ÚÉËÛı£Óã Ú°¥àÓäÜ¥ú˜∂ ‚°∂ M´Û£FªÏ° ´£ò πKªã´£∂ πFÚ ıNı¨ËËú ¨ËÚ£˜äÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ ™£º¨˜ª¨ÏÚ∂ ‚°¡ã ‹∂ Íòı´ÓÍ ı¨ËJΩã, ‡úÔ£ÜÆΩã √Ï ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ã √¯ä¥A¯∂. ´ÛNæ ›ªÓÉËú ‹ôÙ∂ ‹µı£ªÓÉË˜£ô M¨˜ÚÇ√ÆÚ ›à∂ÇËú IË‹FËÒ£ÓÙ£ô, ‚É∞ Òü¡ã ‚ä´£∂ ‹Ñ≤¡àÓô ‚øA°¯´Ó£ ‚°¡ √¯ ﬁÚÙ£Ó G¨ÙJô ÂºÓ¨ÙäÜÍÒ£˘ Ó£Ç∞ÓôËú ™Ó£ÏÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ã ı£FÏäÜ¥ú˜∂.

ﬁÛáÏ£ã ‡ÙËä ´£ºÇ∞ Hâ¨ÓÚ Ë£ÙàFô Íòı´ÓÍ ‡¯æË¨˜ ™ÔPä¥àFÚ ´Ë£Ü£¥Ë¿ã ™Ë£ú¨ËË¿ã, ∞Pä£Ë ´ÓCÚ ‹ÛC° ﬁ¨¯¨Ò ‚°∂ ﬁäπFÚ ÍË£äÓàFô ‹Ëü¯äÜ¥M¥ã. ‹´Ó´£ô Ù Àü¯£á¥Ë˜£Ë G¡ıäÜÆºâÓ ÍÜÏ ™ÔPËú, CàFÛı¨Ó Ú°¥àÓô Ó¨Ï, GÚ£ÚÒ£˘ MÍ£Û¨Ì ™¡ıÓüË£˘ ‡K¨Ò ‚°¯ ﬁÛá¥ã ‡Ó£ÛÌÒ£Ë ∞PäHÏäÏÙ£ã, ÓüË£LËÒ£Ë G¡àÓä¥ã ‹ôÙ∂ ∫üPΩã ﬁâÓ "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£K°´£∂" ‹Ëü¯äÜ¥M¥ã.

ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËË¨˜ ‚FòäıòË¨˜ "ÍKÚ£Ëä πKâ∂ ™Ë£ú˜£ÓıòËú" ‚°¡Ó£° ™ÍåF ·ÏËÉËOô ™Ë£øàÓ ·FÚã ™¡ã áÆÓòËO° ËÌÇAÙÏÉË£ Ëºà∂ ™ıOf¥Ë˜£∞ã. ™ÍäÏãò 11 "‹¨˘à¨Óªã Ò£üPMÜÏ∂" ‚°¡ ™ÓKMÇËäÏ£Òô Âº Ô£ú √Ï ËÏÇËä¥ıFô¨Ù. ‚ÒÇ∞ πFÚ ıNı¨ËËú ´Ó¨ı. ∞ÆªK¨Ò, ÍÜÏ ‡K¨ÒËú £∂Ë£ÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã...›˘£ô ‚ôÙ£ıü¨¯ªã MÏ ı£øã ‡K¨Ò ‡ú˜∂, ‹∂Ó£° ﬁä™£ø∂ Ó£Ç∞ÓΩÇ∞ ‡ú˜£AJºÇA¯∂. ÓQÔòËO° ‡K¨ÒËú ‡¡FÚ£Ë ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘¨ıÓ£°, ›˘£ô ÒÇËú, ‹¨Ó HÛFLÇ∞ã ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ›AÚ¨ı ÓQÒQÓºÇ∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë G°¡ I∞ ‡Úò ∫ÇAÚà∂ıà¨Ó ™¯´ıá¥ã. ﬁöMÓàFô ‹ÇËºà∂ÇËú ™ıOıâ∂ú˜˘.

‚Ò∂ E ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ Ëºà∂ÇË¨˜ Ô°∞ MÒòÍ˘àFü∞ ‡Ü¥àÓ ´ıá¥ã ‚°∂ ÒÜ¥IôÙ£Òô ‹¨ı HÛFLÇ∞ã ÍÕË ‡¯æË¨˜ ™ÓOı£Ë ∫°¨ıà∂, "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°F° ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ‹ÛCÚô ™ÍÚüÜÆÚ¨Ùªã πÙä¥àF, ÓÇË ‹ÛCÚô M¨ÏJ¡äπÇË¨˜ªã Ë£Ì´ıá¥ã.

9/11 MÍ£Û¨ÌÇ ∞øM° ÕÆÒ¨¯Ç∞ã ™ÍÚü£¥

ﬁ¨ÏMÏ£Òô ﬁ∂üPÇ √¯äÜÏ£Ωã, ™ÍäÏãò 11 GËõ¨ıä ´£ô ´ı¡ ‚âÓ GËõæã πFKΩã ∞ˆäàFΩã ›õâFºÇËMô¨Ù ‚°¨Ó Ô£ã ›ÛãàF´Ù´Ú ∞PäHÏ ´ıá¥ã. ‹°¡ ÔÏâÓ∂ ‚°˘ ‚°∂ üP Ô£ã ‹¨˘à¨Óªã ™ÓKâ∂ ™Ë£á¥MÜ´Ï£ã ‚°¡ √¯ä¥A¯∂; ›˘£ô ‡á¨ÒÚ£Ë ‚°˘ ÔÏâÓ∂ ‚°¡ ™ÓKÚMô¨Ù. 9/11 MÍ£Û¨ÌÇ ∞ø ‚˘ ‹¨ˆÇËä¥ã ‹¨Òä´£ Âº ÕÆÒ¨¯Ç∞ã ı¨ËJô ™ÍÚôÜ¥ ‚°˘ ÔÏâÓ∂ üP ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ›å¨ı Ó¥Ç∞ã ´Ô£ÇËà¨Ó ™Ë£á¥, ‹∂ ‚äÆ ÔÏÇË ‹¬ÒFÇËäÜÏ∂ ‚°¨Ó ‹Pı¨Óªã Ó¥à∂ú˜∂. 9/11 MÍ£Û¨ÌÇ∞ø ÕÆÒ¨¯ÇË ∫üÜÏ CÙ ‡á¨ÒË¨˜ä üP Ô£° ∞PäHÏ MºãπA´¯°. ﬁ¨ı ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨Ùà Ó˜àF° Ó¨Ùıò ´ÏMÜ ´Ô£òàÓ£ô "9/11 ô ﬁºâ∂ ‰â∂ ›á¥Ëú: Êò ‹ÛCÚô ‰â™Ó£¨Ë" ‚°¯ ‹ıº¨ÏÚ ‹PÇ¨ËJô MKı£Ë ıâ∂ú˜∂.

"9/11 MÍ£Û¨ÌÇ ∞øı£ô ÕÆÒ¨¯ÇËäÜ¥ ‹ãÙÒ£AÚ ‡á¨ÒËOô CÙıü¨¯ üP ÒÜ¥ã ´Òü´Ë£O¥´ı£ã:

''* ´¸òÒQ, ‚Aä∂, ÛwÚ£ Òü¡ã ﬁv´ÛLÚ ‹ÛÍ£ÉËÉËú ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ËÏàÓô MÒ£˘ Ó£Ç∞ÓôËú ÔÏÇËæú˜∂ ‚°¯ ÓMòÇË ∫ÆÚ£Ó ‡á¨Ò¨Ú üP ∫°√ÜÆÚ ‚ÑÍKÇ¨ËË¨˜ ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ˘.

''* Ó£Ç∞ÓôË¿Ç∞ ‰â∂ ı£ÛÉË¿Ç∞ ∫°´, ›ËvÜ 6, 2001 ‹°¡ ¸˘£FF πw, ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£ MÒ£˘ÉË¨˜ ËÏà∂ã FÜÏà¨Ó ™Ë£áÆºÇË√¥ã ‚°¯ ‚ÑÍKÇ¨Ë¨Ú CIA ÓËıô ÕÙã ™ü¯£ò. ﬁàÓËıô ËL´£òQÚ£MΩã GŒ´Ú£òÇAΩã ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£ ﬁÛËCÚÇ ∞øÇËú ﬁºâÓ∂ üPÇ ∞PäHÜ¥ú˜∂.

''* ›ËvÜ 2001ô ÍÇË£KÚ£v ™Ò˜´Í£MJô ‚°ıò ¨Ë∂™ÍåÚäÜÏ∂, MÒ£˘Ç ËÏàÓô ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËËOô ÚÉËÛı£Ó ‹¨Òäπ ﬂ¥ÜÆºâÓ∂ ‚°¨Óªã ‹¨ı ∞á¥Ë¿Ï° Ú°¥àÓäÏÇ√¥ã ‚°¯ ÓËı¨Ùªã ‰ÚàFü∞ ﬁÏI°P ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàFü∞ ‹OàFºâÓ∂. Pan Am International Flight Academy ‚°¬ã I°Q´Í£ÜÏ£Mô ﬁºâÓ ‹¨Òäπ FBI Ç∞ ™Ò˜´Í£M Âº MÒ£˘à¨Ó ËÏàÓ FÜÏIÜÆºâÓ£ò ‚°¯ Ëı¨ÙIÇË ÓËı¨Ù ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ∂.

*ÍFJ° Ó¨Ùıò ‚˘ ‹¨ÏÚ£˜ã Ë£ÌäÜÆºâÓ ∫ËãÒ∂ ‹ÜÏ£ 1999ô ﬁºâ´Ó ´¸òÒ° ™£LÍ£Û£ô ËáË£EÇËäÜÆºâÓ∂Ï°, FBI ‹ıº¨ÏÚ ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËË¨˜ 2000 ›á¥ ∫øı∂ã ËáË£EàFºâÓ∂. Âº Ò£Ìıò, MÒ£˘ã ¯Ç∞ã JüC¨Ú ´Òü™Ë£ú¿ıò ‚°¡ ‹ıÛ∂ Ó∞F ﬁºâÓ´£FΩã ¸˘ıK 2001ô ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ú ‹ÜÏ£ ‹¬ÒFÇËäÜÏ£ò; ∞Æ´Úü¯ ‹FË£KË¿Ç∞ ‹ıò ‹∂üP ÓËıô ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ£ò; ﬁ∂ ‹ıº¨ÏÚ ≤ü¡Ù£ MÍ£¨ı ™ıOä¨ÏÚ£Ë ePÚ ™ÍÚÙ£∞ã. ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô IË ‚OÓ£Ë Ó°¬¨ÏÚ EË¨˜ ‹ÜÏ£ ´Òü™Ë£áÏ∂ üP The War on Truth ‚°¯ ÀLô Ôdv ™Ò£Í£¨ÏÇ ‹yÒàÓ£ô Ô°∞ ≤ºÇA ‡¨ÛÇËäÜ¥ú˜∂.

"≤ºÇËÒ£Ë, ‹FË£KË¿Ç∞ Ô°∞ ™ÓKâFºâÓ ´£FΩã√Ï, ÒËãÒ∂ ‹ÜÏ£ Íü´¯ ËOä£˘ ı£õ¨ıàÓ£° ÔÏàFJºâÓ£ò. 1986ô ﬁºâ´Ó ‹Û≤à∂¨¯J° ÚÉËÛı£Ó ËáË£Eäπä ÜÆÚLô ﬁÏã ™üPºâÓ ´£FΩã, ﬁıò ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ∏¨ˆıÓü∞ã, FºãHÑ ™ÍôΩıÓü∞ã eá¥ã ıºıÓü∞ã Ó¨ÏÚü¯ ∫¨¯Jô Ù∫¨¯ªã ‹¬ÒFÇËäÜÆºâÓ£ò. ™ıÆ Òºâ∂Ë¨˜ ÓÚ£KÇË Ú°¥ã ﬁÛÍ£Ú˘ä ™£ºÜË¨˜ „Û£˜Ò£Ë ‹ıò ı£ÉAÚÓ° Ë£ÛÌÒ£Ë ¸˘ıKJô ﬁºâ∂ ´Ò 2000 ı¨Û ﬁıò ‹™ÒKÇË ‡˜ı£OËO° ËáË£EäHü∞ ‡ÜÜÆºâÓ£ò. ¸˘ıK 2001ô ﬁıò INS ∫ËıòË˜£ô IÚ£I Íòı´ÓÍ MÒ£˘ G¨ÙÚàFô 57 GI˚ÉËú Ó¥à∂ G¡àÓäÜÆºâÓ£ò; ﬁÓü∞ Ë£ÛÌã MÍ£Ç Ë£Ùà¨Ó MÏ √¥ÓÙ£Ë ∫°˘ò ‹ıò ÓÉAJºâÓ¨Ò, Âº π´˜£KÏ£ MÒ£˘ JüCä úOJô ËüË ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ‡KÚ MÍ£ ı£ÉË£Ó∂ ›AÚ¨ıÚ£∞ã. ‹äÆªã ‹ıò Ó° ™ÍÚôË¨˜ ™Ó£ÏòâFºâÓ£ò. cáÏ Ë£ÙÒ£Ë´ı ÚÉËÛı£FËú ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ‡ú˜ MÒ£˘ JüC G¨ÙÚÉËOô Ëü¨Ó üPÚ Ëı¨Ù FBI Ç∞ ﬁºâÓ´£FΩã, π´˜£KÏ£ MÒ£˘ä JüC úOJô ‹ÜÏ£ ËüË ‹¬ÒFÇËäÜÏ£ò. „äÛô 2001‰ ÂÜÆ ‹ıò ‡KÒã ﬁôÙ£Òô Ë£ò ÊÜÆÚÓüË£Ë G¡àÓäÜÆºâÓ£ò. ´Ò Ò£Óã cFÒ°¯àFü∞ ‹ıò ıÛàÓıPÚ¨Ó ‹¥à∂, cFÒ°¯ã HÆ ›¨Ì Â°¨¯ H¯äHàÓ∂. ›˘£ô ‹âÓ ›¨Ì G¨¯´ıü¯äÏ£ÓÓ£ô ‹ıò Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ™ÍÚôË¨˜ ™Ó£ÏòâFºâÓ£ò. ﬁÓ° H°˘ò ﬁÛá¥ ∫¨¯ ∞Æà∂MÜ¥ Ë£´Û£ÜÆÚÓüË£Ë ‹ıò ¨Ë∂ ™ÍåÚäÜÆºâÓ£ò. ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ﬁºâÓ Ë£Ùã ∫øı∂ã ﬁıò ´ı¡ ™Ú¨Û ¨ıà∂Ç ™Ë£ú˜£Òô, Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ™Í£âÓä ™ÚK´Ù´Ú ÚEà∂, ı£õâ∂, JüCÇ √ÏàFô Æà∂Ç ™Ë£á¥ã ﬁºâÓ£ò. ﬁ¨Óªã MÏ MCàFÛÒ£˘∂ ™ÍäÏãò 2001ô FBI J˘£ô Ëá¥HÆÇËäÜÏ ‹ÜÏ£ ™Ó£Ïòπ ™Ë£áÆºâÓ 40 ´òË¿Ç∞ã ´ÒÙ£˘ıòËú ÜÆJL° Æ, ‹™ÒKÇË £∂Ë£äπä ¨Ï ÂäâÓÇË£ÛòË˜£˘ ‹ıº¨ÏÚ ‹ä´£¨ÓÚ Òü¡ã ∫°˘£ú ´ı¨Ù ™Ë£¥àÓıòË¿Ï° ‹ÜÏ£ ı£ÆÇ¨ËÚ£Ë I°˘ÖÍô ™Ó£Ïò¨Ç ™Ë£áÆºâÓ£ò.

"ﬁäÆäÜÏ ™Ó£Ïò GËõæË¨˜ Ëº¨ÌªÏ° M˜Ç∞ı∂ ‚°∂ ËÆ˘Ò£∞ã. ≤ºÉËÇ√P°, ÓMòÇË∫ÆÚ£Ó, M˜ÇË ∫ÆÚ£Ó ∫Ææ¨Û ‚°˘™ı°¯£ô, ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ´ıá¥´Ò°´¯ Ù∫¨¯ªã ‡¡F¥àÓäÜÏ ÚÉËÛı£F Âºıò ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ıâ∂ MÒ£˘ä JüC ™¯ ‹¬ÒFàF∂ ‚°´Ó ›∞ã." [Oliver Branch Press, Northampton, Mass. 2005, pp. 205-06].

''*‹ÜÏ£Mü∞ ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã Âº VIP ÒKÚ£¨Ó¨Ú ‹Í£Ó£ÛÌ ∫¨¯Jô ™Ë£¥àÓ¨ÓMÏ MÚä£˘∂ „¨˘Ú 9/11 ËÏàÓôË£ÛòË¿Ç∞ã ﬁ∂ ™Ë£¥àÓ Mºâ´Ó£ãô ›∞ã. Ôı£ä ‹ô˝vI Òü¡ã ËhÜ ‹ôIÓò ﬁºıº´Ò ¸˘ıK 2000àFô ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£M° "‡ÑC Ò£Ô£ÜÆô" ËÙâ∂ ™Ë£áÆºâÓ˘ò ‚°∂ üP CIA Ç∞à ™ÓKªã. ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËËú ÊÛ£áÆü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë CIA ﬁ° ËáË£EäHü∞ ‡ÜÜÆºâÓ∂; ›˘£ô ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ú ıºıÓü∞ ‹ıòË¿Ç∞ ‚âÓä HÛÑC¨˘ªã ﬁºâÓFô¨Ù. ‹Ç´Ï£ò 2000àFô USS Cole e∂ ÔÏâÓ ∞á¥à Ó£Ç∞ÓLô ﬁıºÇ∞ã ™Ó£Ïòπ ‡á¥ ‚˘à ™ÓKâ∂ã, ¸®° 2001ô π∂äHÇËäÜÏ °∫Ë ∏¨ˆæ MÍ£M° ÕÙã ‹ôIÓò ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ eá¥ã ıâÓ£ò.

''* ıºÉË£ÙàFô 9/11 ËÏàFLô É∞ ™¯MºâÓ Òü™¯£ºıÛ£˘ TÚÜ ÍIò ¸Û£, ¸˘ıK 30, 2001ô ¥£å Íòı´ÓÍ MÒ£˘ G¨ÙÚàFü∞ ıâÓ´£∂ ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàF° ™ıOä¨ÏÚ£˘ ‡àÓÛæËO° ´Kô Ù ÒE ´ÔÛã MÍ£Û¨ÌÇ∞ ‡Ü¥àÓäÜÆºâÓ£ò. ﬁâÓ Ô¨ÛäüP ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã bMÛÇ Ë£ÛÌÉËú ™Ë£áÆºâÓ£ô ‹°P ﬁäÆ ÔÏâFºÇË£∂ ‚°¡Ó£° Ô£ã ™Ë£ú˜ ´ıá¥ã. ﬁâGËõæ ﬁºâÓ´£FΩã√Ï, Fº. ¸Û£ ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ‚Ü¥ Ò£ÓÉË¿Ç∞ H°˘ò ıÛ∫ÆâÓ∂Ï°, MÒ£˘ JüCä úO Â°PΩã ´ÍÛ ∫ÆâÓ∂.

„üË˘´ı G¨ÙÔ£ÜÏäÜÏ ‡á¨ÒËO° ‹Æä¨ÏJô ™Ò£ËãÒ∂ ‹ÜÏ£æã „¨˘Ú ËÏàÓôË£ÛòËú CIA ﬁ°¬ã ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàFô H¯ ‡˜æà∂¨¯ ‹¨ÒäHô ‡ú˜ ™Íôı£Ç∞ HKM˘Û£ô ıˆÉËäÜÏ £∂Ë£äπÇ ∞¨ÏJ° Wõ 9/11 Ó£Ç∞ÓôË¿Ç∞ ÓÚ£ò™ÍåÓ˘ò. ‹™ÒKÇË£MΩã, ‹Óü∞ ™ıO´Úªã Ó¨ÏÚü¯ ∫¨¯Jô ‹ıòËú ™ÍÚôÜÏ¨Ò ‹ÛÍ ËºMJô ™Íôı£Ç∞ IÇËıòËO° ÓÚæ, ›ÓÛæ ﬁôÙ£Òô ÔÏâFºÇË ∫ÆÚ£∂. ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ıCàÓ´£∂ ÔÚÒü¯, „° ™£¡äü¯ ∫¨¯JΩã ‹ıòËú ÔÏâ∂ ™Ë£áÏ∂ üPÚ ÓËıôËú, ´£hÍ£K° Ëı˘à¨Ó Ù∫¨¯ªã ﬂòàÓ ı¨ËJô ‹ıòËú Ë£ÜÆÚ ‹ÇË¨¯J°¨Ò ›AÚ¨ı ‹ÜÏ£æã ‹ıº¨ÏÚ √ÜÏ£OË¿ã ‡ÚòÓÛ ÍFË£ÛòËú ‚°¯ Ëºà¨Ó ™Ë£¥ÇËMô¨Ù. ÓÉË¿¨ÏÚ ÚÉËÛı£Ó ´Ô£ÇËÉË¨˜ ¨¯Í£ü¡ıFô ‹ıòËú Ó£¨Ë Ó£ÉA ‡Ù£ ıºı¨Óà ÓMÛ, Òü¯ ‹¨˘à¨Óªã ™ÍåÓ˘ò. ›˘£ô ﬁıòË¨˜ ‡ÚòÒÜÏ "£∂Ë£äπ ´Óı¨ÓËú" ËıQà∂Ç ™Ë£áÆºâÓ˘ò ‚˘∂ ™ÓOæ.

ﬁâÓ ‡á¨ÒË¨˜ ´Òü´Ë£OÜÏ H°˘ò, ‹ÜÏ£ Òü¡ã ‹ıº¨ÏÚ √ÜÏ£OË¨˜ £∂Ë£àÓıòËú ‹ıòËú Âº ÚÉËÛı£Ó ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËJô ﬂ¥Ï FÜÏIÜÆºâÓ˘ò ‚°¨Ó ‹Pıò ‚°¡ã ‹¨Ó ÓÉË¿¨ÏÚ ™Ë£ú¨Ë ﬁÙÇ∞Ë¿ÇË£Ë Ú°¥àFÇ ™Ë£ú˜Ù£ã ‚°¯ ∫ÆMü∞ ıºıÓü∞ ∞PäHÜÏ ı¨ËJÙ£˘ ÍFË£Û Ò˘ä£°¨Ò Â°¡ã ´Ó¨ıJô¨Ù ‚°¡ã ´ÏMÜ ´Ô£òà ∞PäH¥A¯£ò.

1930ËO° ÆäH¨˘Ëú

‹âÓ ﬁÙÇ∞Ë¨˜ üP ´≤∫°π, ™ÍäÏãò 11 ﬁ° ‰âÓ£ã ›á¥ G¨˘æ F˘à¨Ó ÂÜÆ πw˚ßã ‹ıº¨ÏÚ Gòı£ËàF° CÙ ‡¡äH˘òË¿ã ›üPÚ ‡¨ÛËOô ıâÓ HÛÑC¨˘Ëú üP CP∂ √¯ MºãπA´¯°. ËÏâÓ Âº Ò£ÓÒ£Ë´ı, ‹™ÒKÇË ›ÜC "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£¨Û" GÚ£Úä¥à∂ıÓü∞ πFÚ ı£ÓÉË¨˜ ∫°¨ıà∂ú˜∂. ›ËvÜ Ò£Óã ÙáÏ¨˘ Ó˜Ò£ËÇ ™Ë£áÏ MÒ£˘à ÓËòäπ ÍFàFÜÏã ‚°¡ √¯äÜÏ¨Ó üP πw, "ﬁâÓ Ô£¥ ﬁvÙ£IÚ £CvÜ¥ÇË¿Ï° ´£Kô ﬂ¥Ü¥ú˜∂" ‚°¡ ‹PMàÓ£ò.

›˘£ô ﬁäÆ ﬁvÙ£IÚ £CÍã ‚˘ä¥ı¨Ó ‚ıò HÛFGFà∂ıä¥à∂A°¯˘ò ‚°¨Ó bòÒ£Qä∂ ËÆ˘Ò£∞ã. ﬁâÓÑ ™Í£ü™¯£Ïò ıÛÙ£ü¡ä ´£ÇAô ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ™Ô¥ÉË£ÙÒ£Ë ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ÔÜπ Ô£Ï£Ë ﬁºÇ∞ã ‹ÏÇ∞∫¨¯ ÍæF ‹´ÛHÚ ›ÜC¨Ú ∞PÇA¯Ó£ ‹ôÙ∂ ‹¨Ó ‹Ëü¯ ∫ÚüC ™ÍåıòË¨˜ ∞PÇA¯Ó£? ‹´Ó´£ô ‚AäFô ™˝£vQ ∫£ÛÇA° ›ÜC ‡ú˜∂. ‹ôÙ∂ ‹´Ó´£ô ﬁä™£ø∂Ó£° Ô£ÜÆ° ıÏ´ÒüAô ‡ú˜ ÓL£° ›ÓÛı£˜òË¿Ï° Âº ‡Ï°ÆÇ¨Ë¨Ú ™Ë£á¥ú˜ £AvÓ£Q° ò´ıv ∫˚£ÛäH° ‹ÛÍ£ÉËà¨Ó ∞PÇA¯Ó£? ‹âÔ£¥ "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£Kô" ÔÜπ Ô£¥ ‚°¯ G¨ÙJô ﬁºâ∂ £CvÜ¥ÇËO° ›ÓÛæ Ô£Ï£Ëä ´£A¯Ó£? ‹ôÙ∂ Óü™£ø∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ›ÓÛMô ﬁºÇ∞ã ﬂÛ£ÇAô ‡ú˜ ™Ô˜K Ò£LÇAJ° ¨Ëä£¨ı ‹ÛÍ£ÉËà¨ÓÇ Ëº∂A¯Ó£? S¨ÚÜ¥ÇËO° ™Ë£¨Ùä¨ÏJ° ›ÓÛæ ﬁºä∂ ‹¨Ó Âº £CÍ ›ÜCÚ£ÇAM¥Ò£? ‹ôÙ∂ ﬂÛ£° ›ÜCJ° "ﬁvÙ£´Ò£ £CvÜ¥ÇËú'' ‡Ï° ‹Ó° ‡¯æ Òü¡ã ‹∂ ™Ù˘£Qô ﬁºÇ∞ã ™˝v™£ôÙ£ÇË¨˜ ''ÚÉËÛı£FËú'' ‚˘ ËáÆÇË Ò¡ÇA¯∂ ‚°¡ Ë£ÛÌã Ë£ÜÏäÜ¥, ﬁQ ‹∂ Ú°£¥ ‡¨ÏÚÓ£Ë ﬁºÇË£∂ ‚°¡ ‹™ÒKÇË£ ∫Æ™ı¥à∂ ‹öMÓàFô ‹¨ˆÇËäÜ¥M¥Ò£?

‹ô™Ë£åÓ£ ÚÉËÛı£ÓÇ ∞ø¨ı ™£¡àÓ ı¨ÛJô Ô£ã ´ËÜËÙ£ã: ‚âÓ Ë£Ù ËÜÏàFô ‹ıòËú £CvÜ¥ÇË˜£Ë Ò£P˘ò? 1980ËOô ‹™ÒKÇË, ÍæFÚ ‹ÛÍ£ÉËÉËú ™Ë£¥àÓ GFÚÉËO° ‹Æä¨ÏJô ´Í£MÚà ŒQÚ¬Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ‹ıòËú ´£Û£ÆÚ ´ÔÛàFô, ¸˘£FF ´¯ËQ° ËºàF°Æ ‹ıòËú ≤ÓâFÛ ´£Û£ÜÏiÛòËú ‚°¡, ‹™ÒKÇË πÛÜCJô É∞ ™ü¯ıòËú ´£ô £Û£ÜÏä ™ü¯˘ò.

ﬁâÓä πFÚ Ëºà∂ £∂Ë£äπ ÒâFK ´Ï£˘£ôÜ Ûãv™ôÆ˘£ô ›ËvÜ 30 ‹°¡ ‹™ÒKÇËä ¨ÏÚEiÛòÇ∞ ıˆÉAÚ ‡¨Û™Ú£°Pô ™ıOäÜÆºâÓ∂. "Âº πFÚ ı¨Ë £CÍà¨Ó" ‡ÙËã ‚Fò™Ë£ú¿A¯∂ ‚°¡ ‹ıò √P˘£ò; ﬁÛáÏ£ã ‡ÙËä´£ºÇ∞ ∫°π ÔÏâÓ FºäFä¥à∂ã ™Ë£ú¨Ë (appeasement) ´£°¯ Óı¡ eá¥ã ´ÔÛÇ√Ï£∂ ‚°¡ã ‹ıò ‚ÑÍKàÓ£ò.

Ûãv™ôÆ° ËºàF°Æ 1930Ëú "´Ò¨Ù ¸˘Ô£ÚËÉËOô ∞PäHÏàÓÇË ‹ıÔãHÇ¨ËàÓ°¨Ò ÂøÇË™ÔPÇ ∞ˆäã ›AÚ¨ı ﬁºâÓ" Ë£ÙÒ£∞ã. ﬁ¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ FºäFä¥à∂ã ™Ë£ú¨Ë ´Òü™Ë£ú˜äÜ¥ UÜÙ¨Û ‚Fò™Ë£ú¿Óô ´Ó£ôMªü¯∂. "‹âÓ ıÛÙ£üP° ÆäH¨˘Ë¨˜ Ùºã ﬁ°¬ã ËüËMô¨Ù ‚°∂ ™ıOä¨Ï" ‚°¡ ‹ıò ™Ó£Ïòâ∂ √P˘£ò.

1930ËO° ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ÆäH¨˘Ëú Ú£¨ı? UÜÙ¨Û ‚Fò™Ë£áÏMÓàFΩã ‹´Ó´£ô ´¸òÒQJô Ô£TÇËú ‹FË£ÛàFü∞ ıâÓFΩã ∞ˆäã ﬁô¨Ù; ›˘£ô ™ÓOı£˘ ‹Æä¨Ï ıòÇËä H˜æ ‹Fô ﬁºâÓ∂. ‡ÙËã ∫øı∂ã £CÍàF° ›àFü∞ ‚FÛ£Ëä ´£Û£Ï ™Ó£NÙ£˜ò ﬁÚÇËã ∫üÜÏ∂; ´¸òÒQJ° ›ÇAÛIäπ ´£ò ´Ô£ÇËÉËú Òü¡ã ∞ºF CâFÚ ı¨ËJ° ´¸òÒQÚà ™Ó£NÙ£˜òË¨˜ ‹ÏÇAÚ∂ ﬁıü¨¯ ‚FòÇË ∫üÜÏ∂. Ò£¯£Ë ›¿ã ıòÇËÉË´˜£ Ô£TÇË¿¨ÏÚ M¨ÙÒFäü¯ ‹ÛCÚô ‡ÓM ÓÉË¿Ç∞ ﬁºÇ∞ã ‚°¨ÓÇ ËºàFü´Ë£á¥ FºäFä¥à∂ã ™Ë£ú¨Ë¨Ú ÓøM˘.

›ÛãàFô ﬁºâ´Ó, Ô£TÇËú ‹FË£ÛàFü∞ ıâÓ∂ ‡ÚKÏÉËOô ıÛ´ıüËäÜÏ∂. HKÜÏQΩã ´¸òÒQJΩã Â´Û ´ÔÛàFô ™ıOJÏä¥ã HKÜÏQ° ™ÏåL ™ÒJL° ‡K¨ÒÚ£˜ò ´Û£àIÚò HÛπ ™ÍäÏãò 1930ô Ô£TÇËú ´ÓòÓLô ™ıüP ‹¨Ïâ∂ ‹ıòËú ™ü¯ ı£Ç∞Ëú 800,000ô ﬁºâ∂ 6.4 IôLÚ° ‚˘ ‡ÚòâÓ ´£∂ ‚øFÚ ﬁËõı£˘ ËÜ¥¨Û¨Ú G¨˘æ √ò´ı£ã.

"´ÓCÚ ´Í£ÍLvÜ¥ÇË¿Ç∞ ‹ÛCÚô ‹FË£Ûã Ò£Pªú˜MÓà¨Ó Ô£ã Ô°∞ ›Û£åâÓ£ô, ‹¨˘à∂MÓ ‹ÛCÚô Í£ÓËÉË¨˜ªã ‹∂ ™Ë£á¥ú˜∂ ‚°¨ÓÇ Ë£áA´¯£ã. ‡Ó£ÛÌÒ£Ë ´£ôSMÍàFü∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ıL¨Ò™ºÇËäÜÏ ≤ıò Â°¨¯ ‹∂ ‚øäπA¯∂. ´¸òÒQÇ∞ ∫°´˘P ‹Ó° ÕÙã ‰´Û£äHÚ Õ´Ù££Ú ¨ÒÚàFô ‚ıºã ÓËòÇË ∫ÆÚ£Ó G¨Ù¨Ú ‹¨ÏâFºÇ∞ã, ‰´Û£äHÚ Ô£ËKÇËàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘, ´Í£MÚà HÛÑÍ£Ûã ‚°¯ ´Û£à¨Ó ﬁ∂ ‹Ëü¡A¯∂; ...ﬁÉAÙ£âFΩã HÛ£°CΩã ‹Pæ ÂO Í£òâÓ Ëºà∂ÇËú ´ÓCÚ ´Í£ÍLvÜ¥ÇË¿Ç∞ ´Òü∞ ‰´Û£ä£Mô ‹ıòËú ›üPıºã EÇ∞ ∫ø ‹ÉWË£Ûà¨ÓÇ ™Ë£¥ÇË ´ıá¥ã. UÜÙK° ´Òü£ò¨ıJô ´¸òÒQÚ ﬁ¨˜ÎòËú ‡á¨ÒJô ËãŒQÍ b¨ÒÇ∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ÂøÉË¨Òâ∂ú˜˘ò... ËÏâÓ ‚Ü¥ ›á¥Ë˜£Ë ﬁàÓ£L¨Ú ™º¨Òä¥àFªú˜ ∫´Í£LQJ° Ë£àFÛÒ£˘ ™Ë£ú¨ËË¨˜ ‡åà∂Ìºã ‹ÛÍ£ÉËÒ£Ë ´¸òÒQJΩã „ü¥´ÒÚ£J° ‹∂ ´Ò¨Ù Ô£ËKËàF° ÔÙàFü∞ IËæã ‡ËâÓÓ£Ë ﬁºÇ∞ã." (Konrad Heiden ﬁ° Der Fuehrer,( pp.281-283) ‚°¯ πàÓËàFô ≤ÜÆÇË£ÜÏäÜ¥ú˜∂)

‹™ÒKÇË£¨ı üP ‚°˘ √¡ı∂? ‹™ÒKÇË ™Í˘ÜÏÛ£Ë ﬁºâÓ Óü´£¨ÓÚ ‹™ÒKÇË ¸˘£FFJ° £ÜÏ˘Û£˘ H™ÛvË£Ü πw¨˚, Ó£áÆ Ô£ã ´Ò´Ù ™ÍôÙà´Ó¨ıJô¨Ù; ﬁıò UÜÙò Òü¡ã Ô£TÇËú ›A´Ú£¨Û GFÚ ∫¨¯Jô ›ÓKàÓ ™ºã G¡ı˘ÉË´˜£¥ ™Ó£Ïòπ ™üPºâ∂ ÒÜ¥ã ‹ôÙ£Òô Ù G¡ı˘ÉËO° ﬁÚÇ∞˘Û£Ëæã, É∞Ó£ÛÛ£Ëæã ﬁºâÓ£ò. Brown Brothers Harriman ‚°¯ G¡ı˘àFüË£Ë H™ÛvË£Ü πw ´ı¨Ù£òà∂ ıâÓ£ò; ‹âG¡ı˘ã ´¸òÒQÚ ™Ó£Nô∂¨¯Ú£˜ò Fritz Thyssen ‡¨ÏÚ ‹™ÒKÇË Ó˜Ò£Ë ﬁºâÓ∂; Thyssen, UÜÙºÇ∞ ›ÓÛæ ™Ë£¥àÓ ™ºıEË ‹¨ÒäπÇËO° Ó¨ÙıòËOô IË ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ıò ›ı£ò. πw GŒ´Ú£òÇ¨Ë Ó˜Ò£Ë ™Ë£áÆºâÓ Union Banking Corporation ‡¨ÏÚ ﬁÚÇ∞˘Û£Ëæã ﬁºâÓ£ò; ‹âG¡ı˘ã ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô Thyssen ‡¨ÏÚ ÔÙ°Ë¨˜ HÛFLàÓ∂; ‹™ÒKÇË£ ´£Kô ﬂ¥ÜÏ H°˘ºã ‹∂ ™Ó£ÏòâFºâÓ∂.

„Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFË¨˜ ™£¡àÓı¨ÛJô, ﬁÛáÏ£ã ‡ÙËä ´£ò £CÍà¨Ó ∫PÚÆÇË GËõàÓäÏMô¨Ù; 1945Ç∞ H°˘ºã ´¸òÒQÚ ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàFô „Û£˜Ò£˘ Ô£T ›ÜC ‹ΩıÙòËú ™Ó£Ïòâ∂ã ÓMJô ﬁºâÓ ‡á¨Ò ‹Óü∞ GœÌã ›∞ã. Òü¨¯Ú „Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFË¿ã Ô£TÍà∂Ï° Âà∂ä ´£Ë MºäàÓ¨ÓàÓ£° Ë£ÜÆ˘; UÜÙò ›ÜCJ° „Ë£FàFÚ M¨ˆæËú ÓÉË¿¨ÏÚ ÔÙ°Ë¿Ï° ´Ò£FÚ ´£∂Ó£° ‹¨ı ‚Fòä¨ Ë£ÜÏ ∫üÜÏ˘. Ô£T ´¸òÒQJ° e∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£ ´£òä HÛËÏ˘ã ™ÍåÚMô¨Ù, UÜÙòÓ£° ‹™ÒKÇË£ e∂ ´£¨Û ‹PMàÓ£ò ‚°´Ó ‡á¨Ò.

ﬁâÓ ıÛÙ£ü¡ ›Ó£Ûã G¨¯âÓ Ëºà∂ÇË¨˜ Ô£° ™ıOä¥à∂ıÓü∞ Ë£ÛÌã, ‹ÛCÚô gFÚ£Ëæã (πw¨˚ ™£¡àÓı¨ÛJô ‡ÏLÚô gFÚ£Ëæã) Ô£TÇË¿Ï° Âà∂¨ˆàÓ, „Ë£FàFÚ ‹ÛCÚôı£FËO° ıNà´Ó£°¯ôËú, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËà∂Ï° Ô£TÇËú ÔÏâ∂ ™Ë£áÏ MÓà¨Ó ™£¯£¨ÒÇ ËáË¿Ï° £òàÓıòËO° ıNà´Ó£°¯ôËú, ﬁä™£ø∂ ‚ÒÇ∞ "πFÚ £CÜ¥ÇËú" üPªã ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ﬁvÙ£IÚ CâÓ¨˘ä ´£Ç∞ üPªã ´ºÛ¨ÛË¨˜ ÓºA°¯˘ò.

πw Gòı£ËàF° ÍeàFÚ ÚÉËÛı£Óä ´£ºÇ∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´ÓCÚ Õ´Ù££Úã ‚°¬ã ›ıÌàF°Æ "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°∂ "∫Ó°¨ÒÚ£˘ ∞ü¯MÚô cFäHKæË¨˜ ÂÜÆ´Ú ﬁºâÓ ‚Ò∂ ÚÉËÛı£Ó ‚Fò ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËËO° ¨ˆÚ ÒÛ£òâÓ ı¨ËËOô ﬁºâ∂" Âº ∫P¨ıÇ ™Ë£á¥ú˜∂ ‚˘Ç √¯äÜ¥ú˜∂. "ﬁä™£ø∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£ ‚ô¨Ù ËÏâ∂ ™ÍÚü¥ã bMÛı£Ó ﬁÚÇËÉËú, ı¨ÙäH°˘ôËú, ÓQÒQÓòË¿Ò£Ë ™ÍÚô¥ã °˘£Ü¥ ﬁÚÇËÉË¨˜ªã ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ‹ÛÍ£ÉË, ‹ÛÍ£ÉËÒü¯ ÓQÚ£ò ›ÓÛı£˜òË¨˜ªã ‚Fò™Ë£ú¿A¯∂; ﬁ¨ı ﬁvÙ£¨Ò Ú°¥àF CâÓ¨˘ä ´£Ç∞ ﬁÙÇ∞Ë¿ÇË£Ë ÚÉËÛı£Óà¨Ó Ú°¥à∂A°¯˘". ´ÒΩã, "‡ÙËàF° ﬁÚôπ, MF ﬁıü¨¯ä üPÚ ™£∂ı£˘ ‚áÌà ™Ó£∞äπÇË˜£ô Â°¡¥àÓäÜ¥ ‡ú˜˘; Òü¡ã Âº Íòı£FË£Û ›ÜC¨ÚÇ ™Ë£á¥ıÛ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ ™£∂ ﬁÙÇA˘£Ωã H¨Ìâ∂ú˜˘. ﬁ¨ı "´Ò¨Ù Ô£¥ËO° ‹FË£Ûã ™Íôı£Ç∞ ›AÚıü¨¯ ∫vLã ‡ÙËàFô ﬁºâ∂ ‹Ëü¡ı¨Ó ´Ô£ÇËÒ£ËÇ ™Ë£áÆºä∂Ï° ﬁvÙ£¨Ò Âº ı°∫¨¯, ÍAäü¯ Ó°¨Òª¨ÏÚ C¨ÓMü∞ ‡Ü¥àF ‹Ó° ı¨ËJô ›ÜCË¨˜ G¡ı ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ã G¨˘ÇA°¯˘." ﬁıòËOô CÙò "v™JQô ﬁºâ∂ ™Ó°AˆÇ∞ ›CÚ£ ı¨Û ÏòâFºÇ∞ã Âü¨¯, ﬁvÙ£IÚ Í£òı£FË£Û ›ÜC¨Ú G¡ı ´ıá¥ã" ‚°¡ã ﬁÙÇ¨Ë ™Ë£áÆºÇA°¯˘ò."

ﬁâÓ ›åæ πw Gòı£ËàF° Ò˘ÑC¨Óæü¯ HÓü¯ôËúÓ£ã ‚°¯ Óı¯£˘ Ëºà¨ÓÇ ™Ë£áÏ£ô, ‹ıòËú ‹∂üP eá¥ã CâFÇË ´ıá¥ã. "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°Óü∞ Âº Íòı´ÓÍ HÛÑÍ£ÛÇ ËºMÚ£Ëä Ú°¥ã ´Òò´Ï£ÇA° ™ÍåF ·ÏËã ﬁâG¨Ùä£Ü¨Ï ıÖÍã bòà∂Ç ™Ë£ú¿ã bMÛà∂Ï° ¨ËÚ£á¥ ıºA¯∂.

™ÍäÏãò 11 Ó¨ÙÚÉËàFô ÙáÏQ° Times àFK¨Ë ÂÍ£Ò£ H° ´ÙÏ¬¨ÏÚ ÚÉËÛı£Ó ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËËú "ﬁˆÇËäÜ¥MÜÏ ﬁvÙ£IÚ ‡Ù¨Ë eá¥ã ¨Ëäü¯ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ ›ıLô ´ıœ°Pªú˜˘´ı ÂNÚ, ‹™ÒKÇË ™ıOª¯æÇ ™Ë£ú¨ËJ° ÓÏÚ Òü¡ã ∞ºF´Ó£åâÓ ÒFädÜ´Ï£ ‹ôÙ." ‚˘ ıLª¡àFªú˜∂. ‰â∂ ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ ∫°π ÔÏâÓ GËõM° MÚàÓ∞ Ó°¨Ò ‹Óü∞ ∫°˘£ô ıÛÙ£üPô GËõâÓ¨ı üP ÒÇË¨˜ ∞ºÏ£ÇAMÜÏ∂. "15ã Àü¯£áÆô v™JQô ﬁºâ∂ ∫vhãËú Ô£¥ËÏàÓäÜÏFô Óü´£¨ÓÚ ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° ‡á¨Ò G¨Ùä£Ü¨Ï Ë£Ì ∫Æªã (‹âGËõæ ‹™ÒKÇË£Mü∞ ™Ë£Ùãv π¯ä¥∫°˘´Û´Ú ÔÏâ∂MÜÆºâÓ∂) ‹ôÙ∂ ∞¨¯âÓ ÜÍã MÚ°˘£ ı£JüËÓæË¿Ç∞ π¯à´Ó 200 ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ H°˘ò ÔÏâÓ∂. Ë£Lä ›ÜC ∫¨¯ Àü¯£á¥ËO° Ë˘¨ı ﬁ¨ÌàÓ ı¨ËJô ﬁ¨ÌÚÓ˜à¨Óªã ™ÍÚü¨ËÇ ´Ë£úËú ‡ÓMªÏ˘£˘ ™Ó£¨Ù´CË¿Ï° ™£ºàF ‹Ó° ´Ûı£ÇË¨˜ ∫°´˘ü¡MÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ Ëºà¨Óª¨ÏÚ Âº HKæ ﬁºÇ∞ã ‚°∂ ™ºã£Ù£˘ ‹™ÒKÇËòË¿Ç∞ã ‰´Û£äHÚòË¿Ç∞ã ÔãHÇ¨Ë ™Ë£¥äÓ£Ë ﬁô¨Ù. ﬁºâÓ´£FΩã√Ï, ™ÍäÏãò 11 Ë¨ÓJ° Í£Û£ãÍã ﬁ∂Ó£°. ﬁ¨Ó ‹ÍÜ¨Ï ™Íå∂, ﬁv´Ûô-£Ùvb˘ã, ›äË£QvÓ£˘ã, ﬂÛ£Ç ﬁıüP°e∂ ∞¨¯√¡ı∂ ‚°∂ ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£ ‚°¯ pı¨˘ Óı¯£Ëä πKâ∂ ™Ë£ú¿ı∂´£ô ›AM¥ã. ‹∂ Âº IË cáÏ Ë£Ù ıÛÙ£üP° M¨˜æ ›∞ã."

™ÍäÏãò 5ã ´ÓF πw ›üPÚ ‡¨Û Â°P° Ëºä™£º˜£Ë ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£M° FÜÏÉËú ﬁºâÓ∂. "ÚÉËÛı£FËú ÒàFÚ AˆÇ∞ ∫øı∂ã Âº ı°∫¨¯Ú£˘ ‹ÛCÚô Ëü¨˘ªÙ¨Ë G¡ı" ÔãHÇ¨Ë ™Ë£á¥ú˜˘ò; "ﬁ¨Ó ‹ıòËú 'Ë£L£à' ‚°¡ ‹¨ˆÇA°¯˘ò; ‹É∞ ‹¨˘ıºã ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ ™ı¡ÇËàÓÇË ËºàFÚL°Æ ›˜ä¥ıò... ﬁâÓ Ë£L£à Âº Íòı£FË£Û ﬁvÙ£IÚ ´ÛÛÍ£Ë ‰´Û£ä£Mô ﬁºâ∂ ıÏ ›HKÇË£ ı¨Û, ÒàFÚ AˆÇ∞, ™Óü∞ ›CÚ£ ı¨Û Ïòâ∂ Óü™£ø∂ú˜ Òü¡ã ∫°˘£ú ∫vLã Ô£¥Ëú ‹¨˘à¨Óªã ÓøM Gü∞ã. ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£ ‚ÉË¿Ç∞ √PÚÓ£ô ﬁ∂ üP ‚ÉË¿Ç∞à ™ÓKªã."

‹ıòË¨˜ä üP ›åæ ÔÏàFÚıòËO° ËºàF°Æ ﬁ°¨¯Ú ÚÉËÛı£FËO° ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ‡â∂ÓôËú Íü´¯ Ò£¡Ü¥àÓ£° ‡ú˜˘. CÇË£´Ë£ ôË¨ÙÇ ËˆËàF° ‹ÛCÚô ´Û£CKÚÛ£˘ ´Û£òÜ ´ä ‚°ıò IË ›õâÓ ∫¨¯JÙ£˘ ›Û£åÑC Â°¨¯ ™Íå∂ú˜£ò. ™ÍäÏãò 12ã ´ÓF Chicago Tribune ‚°¬ã „ÜÆô ™ıOJÜ¥ú˜ ËÜ¥¨ÛJô ‹ıò ‚øFÚÓ£ı∂: "™ºã ‹Næ ıºã ‚°¡ ËEÇËäÜ¥ú˜ G¨ÙJô, Ô£ã ‡á¨Ò¨Ú Ò¯â∂ MÜ´Ï£ã: Óü™Ë£¨Ù ÚÉËÛı£Óã ‚°∂ Âº ÓâF´Û££Ú´Ò ÓMÛ ‚FK ‹ôÙ; ÒÓ ı˘äπ¨ÛJ° Í£ò¨ ‹ÆàÓ˜à¨ÓÇ ™Ë£á¥ ‹∂ ™ıOıâÓ£Ωã, ÒÓÍ£òü¯ ´Ô£ÇËÉË¿Ç∞ ‡ÓıàÓ£° ‹∂ ™ÍÚô¥A¯∂. ™ıOÚ£ò ›ÇAÛIäHü∞ Óü™Ë£¨Ù ÚÉËÛı£Óã Âº M¨ÏJ¡äπ ‚˘Ç ™Ë£ú˜Ù£´Ò ÂNÚ, ﬁvÙ£IÚ ‹Æä¨Ïı£ÓàF° Âº M¨˜æ ‚°ÓüAô¨Ù."

‡ÙËã ∫øı∂ã 1980 ËOô ﬁºâ∂ ÔÏàÓä™ü¯ Óü™Ë£¨Ù ÚÉËÛı£Óà Ó£Ç∞ÓôË¨˜ üPÚ MKı£˘ ∞ä£åM° ‹Æä¨Ï¨Ú £äH° ∫ÆæËú Ó˜Ò£ËÇ ™Ë£á¥ú˜˘.

American Conservative ‚°¬ã ﬁÓNü∞ ¸®¨Ù 2005ô ™Ë£¥à∂ú˜ ´ÜÆ™Ú£°Pô, "Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ÚÉËÛı£Óã, ﬁvÙ£IÚ ‹Æä¨Ïı£Óã ‚°PôÙ£Òô, ∫ÇAÚÒ£Ë ™ıOÔ£ÜÆ˘K° ›ÇAÛIäHü∞ M¨ÏJ¡ä£Ë ﬁºäÓ£ô, ‹É∞ ﬁºÇ∞ã ∫vLã ÍÕËÉË¨˜ Ò£ü¡ıÓü∞ ™ºÒ˜æ ﬁÛ£µı Ùà¨Ó Ú°¥àÓô ‚°∂ ...ÔãI¨Ï´Ú ´Ó£°¡ã Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ÚÉËÛı£FËO° ‚áEÇ¨Ë¨Ú ‹FËKÇËàÓ£° ™Íåªã." ‚°¡ ‹ıò √Pªú˜£ò.

"1990ô ﬁºâ∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£ ›JÛÇËÌÇË£˘ Ó¨Ûä¨ÏJ˘¨Û ‹´ÛHÚ bËüàFô G¡àF ¨ıà∂ú˜∂; ﬁ∂Ó£° ÊÍ£Ò£ H° ´ÙÏ° Òü¡ã ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£M˘ºÇ∞ ›Ü∞MäHü∞ ∫ÇAÚ ‹¨ˆäHÓˆ£Ëä ´£A¯∂. Ôã¨Ò ‹É∞ Ó£Ç∞Óô ÔôÙ∂ ‚°¡ ı£F¥ıòËú, Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ÚÉËÛı£Óã ‚°∂ ‡ÙËã ∫øı∂ã CÙ À¡´ò, ÒÓ ™ıPÚ£˜òË˜£Ë ﬁºäÓ£ô Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ¨ÏJ˘Û£Ë ﬁºÇËà ÓÚ£Û£Ë ﬁºâ∂ MG´Ú£Ëà¨Ó ‹OÇ∞ã Ó°¨Òª¨ÏÚ GËõæ ‹ôÙ ‚°¯ Ëºà¨Ó πKâ∂ ™Ë£ú¿ıFô¨Ù. ﬁ∂ ´Ó¨ı¨Ú ÂÜÆ „üÜ¥ú˜ ‡â∂Óô GËõæ ›∞ã. ‹Ó£ı∂, ™ıO ÍÇFËú ÓÉËú Ó£åÔ£¥ ‚°¡ ÚÉËÛı£FËú Ëº∂ã ﬁÏÉËOô ﬁºäÓ£ô ‹ıòËú ‹àÓ¨ËÚ ‡â∂Ó¨Ùä ™¡A°¯˘ò. ﬂÛ£ÇAÚ ›ÇAIäπÑ ™ÍÚü£¥Ëú Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ·ÇËã ™Ë£¥à∂ Óü™Ë£¨Ùä ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ Âº πFÚ ı£õ¨ıªã ™Ë£¥à∂ú˜∂."

ﬁâÓ ∫ÆæËú ‹™ÒKÇË ‡˜æà∂¨¯ä HKæË˜£Ωã ‡¡F¥àÓäÜ¥ú˜˘. National Intelligence Estimate (NIE) „äÛô Ò£Óã ∫ÆàFºâÓ ›åM°Æ ﬂÛ£ÇA°e∂ ‹™ÒKÇËä ¨Ï™Ú¥äπ πFÚ ÚÉËÛı£Ó ı¨ÙäH°˘ôËú G¡ıä¥ÓΩÇ∞ ·ÇËã ™Ë£¥äFô ¨ÒÚä É¨ËÇ ™Ë£á¥ú˜∂. ﬂÛ£Ç ´£¨Û ‹Æä¨ÏÚ£ËÇ ™Ë£á¥ Ù ÚÉËÛı£Ó ‹¨ÒäπÇË¿ã ´Óòæ HÛÑÍ£Ûã ÕÙã π∂ ÔòË¨˜à ´Óòâ™Ó¥ÇA°¯˘ò; ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ Ëºà∂ ﬁvÙ£ã e∂ ™ıüP ™Ë£ú¿ıÓüË£Ë ﬂÛ£Ç ´£ò ∫Óô ËÜÏÒ£Ë ﬁºÇA¯∂ ‚°¡ã ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ﬁ¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ G¨ÙÚ£Ë ﬁÛ£µıà Ó˜ÉË¨˜Ç ™Ë£á¥MÏÙ£ã ‚°∂ ›ÇAÛIäH° ´Ô£ÇËã ‚°Ó£∞ã.

1990 ËOô H° ´ÙÏ¬¨ÏÚ ‡¨ÛËO° ¨ÒÚÇ ∞Mäπ ôÙ£JÛÇËÌÇË£˘ ‹™ÒKÇË ´£òä¨ÏËú ‹´ÛHÚ bËüàFô ﬁºä∂ üP ﬁºâÓ∂ ‚˘ ´¯£òÜ £ä ‚¥à∂ÇË£Ü¥A°¯£ò. "1996ã ›á¥ ‹™ÒKÇË£ Âº ™KÚ FÜÏà¨ÓÇ ™Ë£áÆºâÓ∂ -- ‹™ÒKÇËòËú ´£òä¨ÏË¨˜ ﬂÛ£ÇAü∞ ‹¬äH ‹¨Ó Õ°¡ ∞FË˜£Ë ∂áÏ£Æ, Âº ∞F¨Ú ﬁv´ÛΩÇ∞ ™Ë£¥äò, ‹¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ ﬁv´Ûô Ó°¬¨ÏÚ Ô£ÜÆ° ‚ô¨ÙË¨˜ MKı£ÇËã ™ÍåÚ ∫Æªã; H° ﬁ¨Ó´Ú ÍæF ‹´ÛHÚ£Mü∞ã ™Íåıò-- ™Ë£á¥ú˜Ó£Ë √P˘£ò. cÉËú Ë£á∂ ´£ô Ô£ã ‹ıº¨ÏÚ ËEä¨ G¨¯´ıüPÇ ™Ë£áÆºÇA´¯£ã; ﬁ∂ ‹ıò ›ÜË¨˜à FÛÜ¥ıÓü∞ ÒËàÓ£˘ ‡ÓMÚ£ËàÓ£° ´£∞ã."

‡á¨ÒJô, ËÏâÓ ‰â∂ ›á¥Ëú GËõ¨ı Ô£ã ›Û£åâÓ£ô, ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£Mü∞ã πw Gòı£ËàFü∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ÂºMÓ ÛvÛÔ°¨Ò ™Ë£áÏ ‡¯æ ﬁºä¨ÓàÓ£° ‹∂ Ë£Ü¥A¯∂. ‹™ÒKÇË£M° Âö™ı£º ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ëªã ÚÉËÛı£Ó ‹¨ÒäπÇË¿Ç∞ä πFÓ£Ë ÔòË¨˜ ´Óòâ™Ó¥ÇË ‡ÓMªú˜∂; πw Gòı£Ëã ‹ÛCÚô ﬁÏò£¥Ë¨˜ ‚Fò™Ë£ú¿ã ´£™ÓôÙ£ã, Âº ´ÓòÓô, Âº ´ıÓ¨˘Ú£˘ ›á¥ G¨¯æ Ô£ú, √¥ÓÙ£˘ ﬁÛ£µıä ´ÛNæËú ‚°¡, ‹ô™Ë£åÓ£æã ÂÍ£Ò£ H° ´ÙÏ¬ã Òü™¯£º ÂOäÏË£ÜCJô ´Ó£°P πFÚ Ó£Ç∞ÓôËú ™Ë£¥ÇË ﬁºäÓ£ËÇ √¡A°¯˘ò. ÆÍãò 2001ô H° ´ÙÏ° ÓäH´Ú£Æ ‹ä™£øFô ﬁºâ∂ ﬁ∂ı¨Û HÆÇË ∫ÆÚ£Òô ﬁºä∂ πw Gòı£ËàFü∞ ıÍFÚ£ËàÓ£° ‡ú˜∂.

ÒÓ∫ã ∫°´˘£ÇA° ™ÔºÇËÆªã

ÚÉËÛı£ÓÇ ∞øÇË¨˜à ÓMÛ, ‹™ÒKÇË£ Òü¡ã H¯ ™KÚ ÍÇFËO° „Ë£FàFÚ ™ıOª¯æÇ ™Ë£ú¨ËË¿Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ﬁ°¬ã ÛâÓ ı¨ËJÙ£˘ ﬁÚÇË∫ã ı˜òÑCªü¡ú˜∂; ﬁ∂ Âº ÒÓ gFÚ£˘ ıÆıà¨Ó ‚¥ÇË ∫üÜ¥ú˜∂. ﬁÓü∞ Ë£ÛÌã ÒÓÍ£òü¯ „Ë£FàFÚ ‚Fòäπ ´ÓCÚ M¥Ó¨Ù ﬁÚÇËÉËO° ÍKMô Ë£Ìä¥ã; ﬁ°¬ã ÛâÓ ‹˜Mô Íòı´ÓÍ ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàFÏ∫ú˜ ∫°´˘£ÇA° ™ÔºÇËÆÚ£ô ﬁ∂ M¨˜â∂ú˜∂.

ËÏâÓ ﬁº ÓÍ£äÓÉËOô, ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ‡üàF ∫¨¯Jô „üÜ¥ú˜ IËä ÛâÓ Ò£¡ÓôËú, ‡üàF Ã´Ë£˜ÒÚÒ£ÇËô ∫â¨ÓÚ Ë£ÙàFô „Ë£FàFÚ ‚Fòäπ ﬁÚÇËÉË¿Ç∞ ·ÇËã ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ ´ÓCÚ M¥Ó¨Ù ∫°´˘£Ç¨Ë ∫üPΩã Ë£ÙàFü∞ Âöı£ÓÓ£ËÑ ™Íå∂MÜÏ˘. PLO ‡¨ÏÚ ﬁ¡F ™ÔºÇËÆ ‚°∂ ﬁâÓ GËõæÇ´£ÇA° IËæã ÛÛäÃÜ¥ã ™ıOä£¥ËOô Â°¡Ó£°. ´ÒΩã ÂºË£ÙàFô ‹àÓ¨ËÚ ﬁÚÇËÉË¿Ç∞ ›ÓÛæ ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ ´Í£MÚà Â°PÚã ﬁä™£ø∂ ﬁô¨Ù.

›˘£ô Ò£ülÏ£˘ Âº Íòı´ÓÍ ´Í£ÍLÍ ∫°´˘£Ç∞ ﬁôÙ£Ó G¨ÙJô, ™ıO ›FÇËã Òü¡ã ‹™ÒKÇË£ Òü¡ã Òü¯ „Ë£FÚàFÚ ÍÇFË˜£Ù£˘ ‹âGÚ ´ÒÙ£FÇËã Òü¡ã Â¥Ç∞∫¨¯Ç∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ™ı∞¸˘ ‚Fòäπ Âº ÒÓ ıÆıà¨Ó, CÙ´ÔÛÉËOô IËà bMÛÒ£˘ Hü´£Ç∞ ıÆıÉË¨˜ªã ‚¥à∂ú˜∂.

ﬁ∂ Â°¡ã ÓMòÇË∫ÆÚ£Ó M¨˜æ ‹ôÙ; GÛâÓÛÒ£˘∂ã ‹ôÙ ‚°¡ ıÛÙ£ü¡ ÆäH¨˘ √¡ã. „Ë£FàFÚ ›FÇËàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ›õâÓ M´Û£Ó ‡Ìòæ ﬁÓü∞ ∫°πã Hü´£Ç∞àÓ˘Ò£˘ ÒÓ ıÆı¨ÒäπÇË¨˜ ‚¥à∂ú˜∂. ﬁºÓ£ã Àü¯£á¥ ™Ó£ÏÇËàFô, ‚¥à∂ÇË£ÜÏ£Ë, ﬁâFÚ£, Y˘£ ﬁÛá¥´Ò Âº ÒÓ ‡¨ÏªÏ° Ó£° ™ıOıâÓ˘. 1917ã ›á¥ ÛwÚ πÛÜCı¨Û ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËã „Ë£FàFÚàFü∞ã Ë£ÙQà∂ı∫¨¯Ç∞ã ‚FÛ£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏààFü∞ ıNF¯â∂MÜÏ G¨ÙJô ÒÓ ﬁÚÇËÉËú H°¬Ç∞à Óú˜äÜÏ˘.

Muslim Brotherhood ´£°¯ ‹¨ÒäπÇËú ∫ø ‡ÌòæÏ° ´Í£ÍLÍàF° ™Íôı£Ç¨Ë F¨Í Fºäπã ı¨ËJô π∂äHÇËäÜÏ˘; ‹ä™£øFô ﬁºâ∂ ‹¨ı ‹äÉ¨ËàÓ£° ™Íå∂ıºA°¯˘. ﬁ°¡ ‹¨ı „Û£˜Ò£˘ H°ü¡ıòË¨˜ ™Ë£áÆºäÓü∞ Ë£ÛÌã, ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° ÛâÓ ‹˜MÙ£˘ ´Í£ÍLÍ ﬁÚÇËã ﬁôÙ£Ó∂Ó£°.

"ﬁvÙ£´Ò££CÍã" ‚˘Ç √¡ä¥ıF° H°˘E

ﬁºÓ£ã Àü¯£áÆ° ∫Óô ÓÍ£äÓÉËOô Hü´£Ç∞àÓ˘àFü∞ ∫ÇAÚ ‹ÛCÚô É∞ ›üPÚ¨Ó ´£°¯ ı¨ËJôÓ£°, Óü™£ø∂ πw Gòı£ËàF° ‹¨Ûä ¨àFÚÇË£ÛàÓ˘Ò£˘ ‡˜¯ôË¿ã, ‹ıüPü∞ ‡ÛÇË ›ÓÛæ ™Ë£¥Ç∞ã ·ÏËàF° HÛÑÍ£ÛËòË¿ã ﬁ´Ó´£°¯ CâÓ¨˘ä ´£Ç¨ËàÓ£° Ë¨ÏHÆÇA°¯˘ò. T´Ú£° ÕàÓıòËO° ™ÔP (Protocols of the Elders of Zion) ‚°¡ 1897ô ÓÚ£KÇËäÜÏ ﬁËõı£˘ ´£L ›ıÌà¨Ó üP Ô£° ∞PäHÏ MºãπA´¯°. ﬁ∂ ‡ÙË ›FÇËà¨Ó ™ÍΩà∂ıÓüË£˘ ÍFüP ŒÓà Ó¨ÙıòËO¨Ï´Ú GËõâÓ Mı£ÓÉËO° ›Ó£Ûã ‚°¡ √¯äÜÏ∂.

1944ã ›á¥ ™ıOJÏäÜÏ, ‹™Ï£ôä UÜÙò üPÚ Ó°¬¨ÏÚ C¯âÓ ı£õÇ¨ËÑ ÍKÓàFô, ´¸òÒQÚ ´Í£ÍLÍ ›CKÚÛ£˘ ™Ë£°Û£Ü q™Ï° ﬁâÓ ™ÔPËú ‚äÆ Ô£TÍ CâÓ¨˘ä ´£Ç∞, Òü¯ Hü´£Ç∞ ﬁÚÇËÉË¨˜ ‹¨ÒÇËä¥ıFô É∞ ™Ë£áÆºâÓ∂ ‚°¡ ∞Pä£Ë Ëı˘à¨Ó ﬂòà∂ú˜£ò. ´£L ›ıÌà¨Ó ÓÚ£KàÓıòËú ÓÉË¿¨ÏÚ ∫ÇAÚ ‹ÛCÚô HÛÑC¨˘ ÒÇËú e∂ ›FÇËã ™ÍΩà∂ıÓü∞ ı¨Ë Ë£á∂ ‚°¡ G¨˘à∂, ‚ôÙ£ıüPü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë ´Í£ÍLÍ ﬁÚÇËàF° ™ºA ıâÓ ™Íôı£Ç¨Ë ´Ó£üËÆÇË ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ã ËºF˘ò.

ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ıNı¨ËËú ı˜òÑCªü¯ G¨ÙJô ıÛÙ£¡ Âº πFÚ ËÜÏàFü∞ ıâÓ∂ ‚°¡ qÏ° ∞PäH¥A¯£ò. ´£L ›ıÌàÓÚ£Kä£˜òËú ŒÓ ‚Fòä¨ πFÓ£ËÇ Ëá¥HÆÇË ´ıáÆÚ ´Ó¨ı ﬁô¨Ù ‚°¯£Ωã, ‹ıòË¿¨ÏÚ Í£Ó¨˘ ıòÇËä´£Û£ÜÏàFô ‹¨Ó Âº ›ªÓÒ£Ë Ò£üPÚ ı¨ËJô ﬁºâÓ∂.

ıÛÙ£¡ Â°¡ã eá¥ã Ó°¨Ò ‹äÆ´Ú ™ıOä¥àFÇ ™Ë£ú¿ıFô¨Ù; À¡ ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ ∫°π ﬁºâÓ G¨Ù¨ÒÇ∞ã Óü™£ø¨ÓÚ G¨ÙÇ∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú Ù ´ı¡£¥Ëú ‡á¥. ›˘£ô ‹ıüP¨Ï´Ú ‡á¨ÒÚ£˘ ÍÒ£âFÛÉË¿ã ‡á¥. ﬁä™£ø∂ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı Ô£¥Ëú Âº ´Í£ÍLÍ ﬁÚÇËà¨Ó ‚Fò™Ë£ú˜Mô¨Ù ‚°¯£Ωã, Âö™ı£º Ô£ÜÆΩã ﬁºÇ∞ã ‹ÛCÚô G¨Ù¨Ò ™ºã£Ù£˘ ÒÇËú ‡àF´Ú£ËÃòı ‹ÛCÚô Ô¨Ï∫¨¯Jô ﬁºâ∂ ‹âGÚäÜ¥ ﬁºÇ∞ã Ó°¨Ò¨ÚàÓ£° Ë£Ü¥A¯∂. ‚âÓ Ô£ÜÆΩã ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã Ó°¬¨ÏÚ FÜÏàFü∞ ∫ø ÒÇËú ›ÓÛæ ‚°¯ G¨ÙJô ﬁºâ∂ ›ÜC πKÚMô¨Ù; ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàF° ™Ë£ú¨Ë´Ú£ ÓMòÇË∫ÆÚ£Òô ÛâÓ ÒÇËÜ™Ó£∞äH° ÍÕË G¨Ù¨Ò¨Ú ‹NæÇ∞Ü¥à∂ã ı¨ËJôÓ£° ‡ú˜∂. ‚˘´ıÓ£° ‹ÑÍã G¨¯âÓ ‹ÛCÚô ‚°∂ ‚øÑC ™ü¡ú˜∂.

"ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°F° ∫ÇAÚà∂ı∫ã ﬁ∂Ó£°. ﬁÛ£µıı£Óã ™ıüP ﬁıü¨¯à ™Ó£ÏòıÓüË£˘ ‹ÛCÚô Ó£¨ËÓ£° ‹∂; ﬁà∂Ï° ﬁ°¬ã √¥ÓÙ£˘ ›õâÓ Ó£Ç∞ÓôËú ‡úÔ£ÜÆô ‹Æä¨Ï ¸˘Ô£ÚË, ÍÜÏ ‡K¨ÒËú e∂ ÔÏàÓä¥A°¯˘.

"ﬁvÙ£´Ò££CÍà¨Ó" √¡ı∂ Êò ‹ÑÍãIÇË ≈õG¨Ù¨Ú „ü¥àÓı¨Ó ´Ô£ÇËÒ£Ë ™Ë£áÏ∂ ÒÜ¥ã ‹ôÙ. ÂºË£ÙàF° Ó£Û£˜ı£Ó ‹Pı£òâÓıòË˜£Ë ﬁºâÓıòËú Ë¨ÏCÚ£Ë ‚ÖCJºÇ∞ã F¯˘£åæÇ Ëá´Ì£ÜÏà¨Óªã ¨ËMÜ¥, ›ÇA´Û£˚Ò£˘, ÂºÓ¨ÙäÜÍÒ£˘ ´£¨Û ™Ó£ÏÇ∞ı¨Ó GÚ£Úä¥à∂ıÓü∞ã ‹∂ Ú°¥A¯∂.

"πwSü∞ Ú°IÇË ∫ÜÏ£úËú" ‚°¯ Ó¨ÙäHô "Ó£Û£˜ı£Ó ‹™ÒKÇË" ﬁ¯â∂MÜÏ∂ üPÇ √¯äÜÏ ÍeàFÚ ËÜ¥¨Û Â°Pô, GŒ´Ú£òÇ ôË¨ÙÇËˆË ıÛÙ£ü¯£CKÚò ´Ï£Q ¸ßÜ, ÂºË£ÙàFô MÒòÍ˘gFÚ£˘ ‹Pı£OËú ﬁä™£ø∂ ™Ò˜˘Ò£AMÜÏ˘ò ‚°¡ã ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛCÚô ‡Ïü√üP° ‹PæpMÓ ﬁÛàÓÇ ∞ˆ£åËú ËÆ˘Ò£AMÜÏ˘ ‚°¡ã, Ó£Û£˜ı£Ó ¨ÒÚàFô ﬁºâÓ ﬁÓõË¿ã ™ÍåFàÓ£ÜË¿ã ﬁä™£ø∂ "Âº ∞ÆÚÛ≤Ç ËÜCJ° ¸˘£FF ‚¥à∂ÇË£ÜÏ£å M˜É∞A°¯ ´£¨Û ‡¡FªÏ° ÔÏà∂ı∂Ï° ÓÉËO° ›CKÚ G¨Ùä£Ü¨Ï ıK¨ÍJô ﬁºàFÇ ™Ë£úıÓüË£˘ ‹ıÍÛàFô" ÓÉË¨˜ iõàFÇ™Ë£úA°¯˘ò ‚°¡ ‚øFªú˜£ò.

‹ıòË¨˜ πwS° Ó£Û£˜ı£Ó √ÜÆ˘KÏã ﬁºâ∂ MàFÚ£Íä¥à∂ı∂, " íÚÉËÛı£ÓàF° eÓ£˘ ´£òí ‹ôÙ∂ ﬂÛ£ÇeÓ£˘ ´£ò ‹ôÙ∂ ™Ù˘£Qô ´£ò ﬁ¡FJô ﬂÛ£° e∂ ´£ò ‚°¡ ™Ó£ÏòÑCÚ£˘ ´£òËOô ﬂ¥Ü¥ ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ﬁÛ£µı ›FÇËã G¨ÙG¡àÓä¥ı¨Ó ﬁıòËú MºãMô¨Ù'' ‚°∂Ó£° ‚˘ ‹ıò ‚ø∂A°¯£ò. ﬁ¨ı™ÚôÙ£ã Âº πFÚ ‡ÙË ‚FòäπÏ° ÂäH¥ã´£∂ C¡ ÃÍôË˜£∞ã. ﬁıòË¿¨ÏÚ £ÜÏ˘£òËú £CÍàFü∞ ‚FÛ£Ëæã, ﬁıòË¿¨ÏÚ ™ü´¯£òËú ∞OòªàÓ Ë£ÙàFô Íòı´ÓÍ ËãŒQÍàFü∞ ‚FÛ£ËÇ ™Ë£áÆºâÓ G¨Ùä£¥ ´£ô Âº ÔôÙ Íá¨Ï¨Ú (Good Fight) ﬁıòËú MºãπA°¯˘ò. M˚Ú´Ò£ ™ÓOı£Ë ‡ú˜∂ ‚°¡ ‹ıòËú ıLª¡à∂A°¯˘ò. ‡ÙËã CâÓ¨˘ä ´£ÇAô H˜æü¡ú˜∂; ∫°´£Ù´ı Ô£ã eá¥ã ﬁÇË£ÙàF° ∫ÇAÚ HÛÑC¨˘¨Ú ‚Fò™Ë£ú˜ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ ‹ıòËú ıLª¡à∂A°¯˘ò. ‚OÚ Ë£ÙàFô ﬁºâÓ ıÍFÚ£˘ ‡á¨Ò G¨Ù üPÚ cáÏ G¨˘æ √ºÓô ‚°Óü∞ FÙ£Ë ﬁ°¨¯Ú Ó£Û£˜ı£Ó πàFpMËú Ë¨ÏCJô Âº ´Ô£ÇËà¨ÓÇ Ëá¥HÆà∂MÜÏ˘ò; ‹ıòËú "ﬁvÙ£´Ò££CÍàFü∞ ‚FÛ£Ë" ´£Kô ﬂ¥Ü¥ú˜˘ò." ‚°¡ πwS° ›ÓÛı£˜òËú ´ı¡ÜÏ MÓàFô ‡ú˜˘ò ‚°¡ ËÜ¥¨ÛÚ£˜ò √Pªú˜£ò.

"11/9 ° ∫ÇAÚà∂ıã"

"ÚÉËÛı£àF° eÓ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°¨Ó ™Ó£ÏÇA ‰â∂ ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ H°˘ò, ‚âÓä ™£åËú, Óı¯£˘ √ü¡ÇËú ﬁıüP° ‹Æä¨ÏJô ‹¨ı ™Ó£ÏÇËäÜÏ˘´ı£, ‹¨ıÚ¨˘à∂ã ‹ãÙÒ£Aªú˜˘. CPÓ˜æ ‹ÛCÚô ‹Pæ ﬁºäıòËú√Ï ™ÍäÏãò 11 üPÚ ‡àF´Ú£ËÃòıÒ£˘ ‹PMä¨ ÔãMô¨Ù. 19 ËÏàÓôË£ÛòËú, ‹ıòËOô ™ºã£Ù£˘ıòËú ‹™ÒKÇË ‡˜æà∂¨¯ HKMü∞ Ô°∞ ‹P∫ËÒ£˘ıòËú Ëá¥HÆÇËäÏ£Òô ™¸Ü MÒ£˘ÉË¨˜ ¯ÇË ¨ıà∂ ËÜÆÏÉËúe∂ ´Ò£∂ıFô ™ıüPªã ‹¨ÏâÓ˘ò; πFÛ£˘ ı¨ËJô ∞OòªàÓ Ë£ÙàFô, Ù ÓÍ£äÓÉËú C¯ä£˘ ∫¨¯Jô ‹HMºàFÚ¨ÏJºâÓ ‹™ÒKÇË MÒ£˘ä ¨Ï ﬁâÓ Ó£Ç∞Ó¨Ù Ó¥ÇË ‚âÓ ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ëªã ‚¥ÇËMô¨Ù ‚°¯ G¨Ùä£Ü¨Ï ‚ıºã „üËàÓÚ£Û£Ë ﬁô¨Ù.

2003ã ›á¥ ™äºıK Ò£Óã ıÛÙ£üP´Ù´Ú ‹∂Ë£¡ã ﬁôÙ£Ó ‹˜Mü∞ GËõâÓ IËä ™KÚ ›òä£ÜÏã ÔÏàFÚ IôLÚ° ËÌÇË£˘ ÒÇËú ‡ÙËã ∫øı∂ã ﬂÛ£Ç ¨Ï™Ú¥äHü∞ ‚Fòäπà ™ÓKMàÓıòË¿Ç∞ „üË˘´ı "´ÛNæ ›ªÓÉËú" üPÚ √üP° ‡á¨ÒË¿ã ÍÓ£ã ˝ß¨Í° - ‹ô ™Ë£åÓ£ ﬁ¨ÌÚà ™Ó£Ïòπ üPÚ ÔÚÒü¯ ™£åË¨˜ üPªã Ô°∞ ™ÓKªã.

ﬁä™£ø∂ ™£å√¡ã ﬁÚâFÛã eá¥ã ﬂÛ£¬Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ‹™ÒKÇË£ ´£òàÓÚ£KäHô ﬂ¥¥¨ËJô ∫¥ÇAMÏäÜ¥ú˜∂. ‚Ò∂ E, ¨ˆÚ ™£åË¿Ï° √Ï, πFÚ ≤ü¡ä ™£åË¨˜ªã ‹ãÙä¥à∂ı∂ ‚°¡ ÒÜ¥ã ‹ôÙ£Òô, ﬁıüP° H°´˘ ‡ú˜ π¯G¨Ù ÍÕË GËõÑCä´£Ç∞Ë¨˜à ™ÓOı£Ë ‹ãÙä¥àÓô ›∞ã.

ﬁÉ∞ ‹ÛCÚLô ™£å ‚°∂ ÍÕËàF° ıòÇË ËÜÏ¨ÒäH° Âº ™Ó£Nü£Ï£Ë Ú°¥A°¯∂ ‚°¨Ó Ô£ã ËÜÏ£Úã G¨˘æ√Û´ıá¥ã. ﬁFô ∞PäHÜÏ ™£åËú ‚°¡ ﬁôÙ£Òô, ÍÕË Òü¡ã ‹ÛCÚô ÂøÉA° ‹´Ó ËÜÏ¨ÒäπÇ∞ú ËÜÏ¨ÒÇËäÜ¥ú˜. ™£åËO° ‹¨Òä¨ ›åÓô ´ıá¥ã. ›¨ËÚ£ô ﬁâÓ ÍÕË ÂøÉA° ËÜÏ¨Òäπ üPÚ ›åM°£ô Ô£ã Fºã ´ıáÆÚ ´Ó¨ıªú˜∂..

‚Ò∂ ›åæ 9/11ô ﬁºâ∂ ‚°PôÙ£Òô 11/9ô ﬁºâ∂ ‹Ó£ı∂ Ôıãò 9, 1989ô ﬁºâ∂ ‚°¡ ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã. ‹°¡Ó£° ´òL° ≤ıò ÓËòÇËäÜ¥, AˆÇ∞ ‰´Û£äHÚ vÛ£LQÍ ›ÜCË¿ã ÍKæü¯¨Ó ∞PÇ∞ã Ô£˜£∞ã. ıÛMºÇ∞ã ÓMòÇË ∫ÆÚ£Ó ´Í£MÚà Â°PÚàF° Ò¨¯æã, ´£ºÇ∞ Hâ¨ÓÚ Ë£ÙàFô ∞OòªàÓ Ë£ÙàFô Íòı´ÓÍ ‹ÛCÚΩÇ∞ ‹vFı£ÛÉË¨˜ ‹¨ÒàFºâÓ ‰´Û£äHÚ H˜æËú ∫ü¡ä™ü¯¨Óªã ∞PÇA°¯∂.

‹âÓ ´ÔÛàFô ﬁâÓ GËõæËú ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ıàF° ™ıüP, "≤ÓâFÛ Íâ¨ÓJ°" ™ıüP, ´Í£ÍLÍàF° ∫Ææ, ıÛÙ£üP° ∫Ææ ‚°™¯ôÙ£ã πËˆäÜÏ∂. ‚ôÙ£ıüPü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë Ò£òÇCÍàF° ÒÛÌà¨Ó ∞PäÓ£Ëæã √¯äÜÏ∂. ‡á¨ÒJô Ò£òÇCÍàF° ÍÇFªã, G¨Ùà∂ Gü∞ã Ó°¨Òªã, vÛ£LQÍ ›ÜCËú ´Í£ÍLÍà¨Ó HÛFLÇËMô¨Ù, Òü¡ã ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàÓ£ô Ë£ä£ü¯äÏMô¨Ù ‚°¯£ô ‹¨ı ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ∫¨¯¨Ú eÜ¥M¥ã ‚°¡ã M˜ÇAJºâÓ˘; Ô£°Ë£ã ‹AÙàF° ‹¨˘à∂ÙÇ ∞øM° ›åæËú ﬁıü¨¯ GœÌã ™ÍåÓ˘. ´Í£ÍLÍàFü∞ ∫Ææ ‚°Óü∞ FÙ£Ë, vÛ£LQÍ ›ÜCËO° ÍKæ ´£ºÇ∞ä Hâ¨ÓÚ ∫øÇË£ÙàF° ∫Æ¨ıÇ ∞PÇA¯∂ ‚°¡ Ô£ÉËú M˜ÇA´˘£ã. ‹ÇË£ÙàF° ∫PMü∞Ç Ë£ÛÌã ‡ÙËä ™£º˜£Ó£Û ÂºÉA¨ÌäHô ﬁºâÓ ∫Ûá£¥Ë˜£∞ã --- ‹Ó£ı∂ ﬁä™£ø∂ Ã´Ë£˜ÒÚÒ£ÇËô ‚°¡ ‹¨ˆÇËä¥ã GËõ∫¨¯Ç∞ã ´ÓCÚ-‹Û≤ ‹¨Òäπ ∫¨¯Ç∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ﬁºâÓ ﬁ¨ÚÚ£à Ó°¨Ò ›∞ã.

1990ã ›á¥ ´Ò Ò£Óã Ô¨Ï™ü¯ Ô£°Ë£ã ‹AÙàF° ‹¨˘à∂ÙÇ ∞øM° (ICFI) √ÜÏàFô W´ˆ ËáÏ ∞Päπ ‹OÇËäÜÏ∂:

"1914Ç∞ä H°˘ò MÚàÓ∞ ∫¨¯Jô ‹ÛCÚô ı¨ÛÏã Ò£ü¯äÜÏ∂ ´£Ù´ı ﬁä™£ø∂ã Ò£ü¯ä¥A¯∂. ﬁä™£ø∂ú˜ HÛÑC¨˘Ú£ı∂: ﬁ∂ ‚äÆ ı¨ÛÚäÏä ´£A¯∂, ‚ıò ﬁâÓ Ò£ü¯à¨ÓÑ ™Íåıò? Âº ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı∫¨¯ ‹Æä¨ÏJô, ‹Ó£ı∂ ´£òËú, ﬁÛàÓã´Ó£åâÓ ﬁ¨ÌäπÇËú ‚°¡ ıºÉË£ÙàFô ıÛÇ√ÆÚ ∫¨¯JÙ£ ‹ôÙ∂ ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËã ´ÓCÚ ‚ô¨ÙË¨˜ ‹ËüP Âº ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ √ÜÏ¨Òä¨ G¡ıä´£ıÓ° ÕÙÒ£?"

"ﬁä™£ø∂ M˘£ ﬁ∂Ó£°: „Ë£FàFÚı£FËú ÍÒ£Ó£˘ ∫¨¯Jô Âº πFÚ ‡¡FÚ£˘ ÍÒG¨Ù¨Ú ‡ºı£Ç∞ı£òË˜£? ﬁÛáÏã ‡ÙËä ´£ºÇ∞ H°˘ò ‹™ÒKÇË „Ë£FàFÚàF° ‡ÙË ›FÇËà¨Ó ‹Æä¨ÏÚ£ËÇ ™Ë£á¥ G¡ıäÜÏ ¨ˆÚ ÍÒG¨Ù ∫üPΩã Ô¨Ï∫¨¯Ç∞ Í£àFÚÒü¯Ó£AMÜÏ∂. ‹âÓ Ó¨Ù¨Ò cÆàÓË£ÙàFô Yò∞¨Ùâ∂ ™Ë£á¥ıâÓ∂; ›˘£ô ∞OòªàÓ ıÆı¨Òäπ ‹Óü∞ Êò ‡¡Fà Ó°¨Ò¨Ú ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ∂. ‹™ÒKÇË-´Í£MÚà ∞´Û£Óã ‚°∂ „Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFË¿Ç∞ ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ﬁºâÓ ´£ÜÆË¨˜ ‹ÏÇ∞ıÓü∞ Âº ıNı¨Ë¨Ú ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ∂. „Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFË¿Ç∞ ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ÓÒ∂ ﬁºä¨ Âº πFÚ ''ÍÒ£Ó£˘ ∫¨¯Jô" G¨Ù¨Ú ™Ë£ú¿ıÓüË£˘ ı£åä¨ „ü¥àÓ „´Ó¬ã ÂºMÓàFô ∫Æªã ‚°¯£ô, „´Ó£ Âº MÓàFô ™ºã ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ÍÇFË¿Ç∞ ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ™£º˜£Ó£Û ‹˜Mô ‡¯æËú Ò£ü¯ÉË¨˜ ‹™ÒKÇË£ „ü¡Ç™Ë£áÏ£Ë ´ıá¥ã. ‹∂ ∫°¨˘MÏÇ ∞¨¯ı£˘ ‡ÙË ´ÒÙ£FÇË G¨Ù¨Ò¨Ú ™Ë£áÏÓ£ËàÓ£° ﬁºÇË ∫Æªã. ﬁä™£ø∂ M˘£ ‚°˘™ı°¯£ô: ‹™ÒKÇË „Ë£FàFÚã ‹àÓ¨ËÚ ™Ë˜ÛıÒ£˘ H°ı£É∞Ó¨ÙÑ ™Íåªã ‚°¡ Ô£ã ‚Fò£òÇË ∫ÆªÒ£? ﬁ∂Ë£¡ã ‡ú˜ Í£°¡ËO°Æ, ‹äÆ ‚Fò£òäÓüAô¨Ù ‚°¡Ó£° √¯´ıá¥ã."(Fourth International Volume 18 Number 1 Summer-Fall 1991).

ﬁâÓ ›åæ IË ÍÇF ı£åâÓ ‹˜Mô CÙ Ò£ÓÉËO´Ù´Ú GœHÇËäÜÏ∂. ›ËvÜ 1990ô, ∞¨ıà e∂ ﬂÛ£Ç ¨Ï™Ú¥äπ GËõâÓ¨Ó ™Ó£Ïòâ∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£ ∫Óô ı¨˜∞Ï£ ´£ºÇË£˘ ÓÚ£KäπÇË¨˜ ´Òü™Ë£áÏ∂; ‹∂ 1991 ¸˘ıK-™äºıKJô ›ÛãHÇËäÜÏ∂. ‹Óü∞ä F¨˘â∂ ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ ∫°π, 1973-74 ° ‚á™Ìå M¨Ù ‡ÚòMü∞ M¨ÏJ¡Ç∞ã ı¨ËJô ‹™ÒKÇË ™ıOª¯æà∂¨¯ ‹¨ÒÑÍÛ£˘ ™˝°K AvRÉËò ÒàFÚ AˆÇ∞ ‚á™Ìå ıÚôËO° ËÜ¥ä£Ü¨Ï ‹™ÒKÇËä ¨ÏËú ¨Ëäü¡ã Í£àFÚã üP ›ÓÛæ FÛÜÆJºâÓ£ò. ‹ã∫°™Ò£NM° HÛÑC¨˘ËOô Â°¡ ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ‹™ÒKÇËä ¨ÏËú ‹ä™£ø∂ „∂ã G¡àF¨ıÇËäÏMô¨Ù. ı¨˜∞Ï£ä ´£ò ‹âÓä HÛÑC˘¨Ú bòà∂¨ıàÓ∂. ôÙ£JÛÇËÌÇË£˘ ‹™ÒKÇË ∂ºäπÇËú ‹´ÛHÚ bËüàFü∞ ‹¬ääÜ¥ πFÚ Ó˜ÉËú G¡ıäÜÏ˘.

‹ä™£ø∂ £∂Ë£äπ ÒâFKÚ£Ë ﬁºâ∂, Óü™£ø∂ ∂¨Ì ¸˘£FFÚ£Ë ﬁºÇ∞ã ÆÇ ™˚°Q ´£K° ∫ÇAÚà∂ıà¨Ó M˜ÇAÇ √PÚÓ£ı∂: "‡ÙA° ‹ä∞FJô ‡ú˜ ÒËàÓ£˘ ÕÙı˜ÉË¨˜ ËºàFô ™Ë£áÏ£ô, ‹âÓ ﬁºäπÇËú ‡ÙAô Òü¯ ∞FËOô ™ºÒ˜æ ÍKâ∂ıºı¨Óªã ËºàFü™Ë£áÏ£ô, ‹âÓ ÕÙı˜ÉËO° ÒFäπ ıÛMºÇ∞ã ›á¥ËOô ﬁ°¬ã √¥ÓÙ£ËàÓ£° ´£∞ã; ‹™ÒKÇË£æã ‚Ò∂ ∫ÇAÚ ÉË£OË¿ã ﬁâÓ ÕÙı˜ÉËú Ôã∫¨ÏÚ ÔÙ°Ë¿Ç∞ ‹Æä¨ÏJô M´Û£Óä ´£Ç∞ Ë£Ü¥ıòËO° ËÜ¥ä£ÜÆ° Wõ MÜ¥MÏÇ √Ï£∂."

1992ã ›á¥ ı¨˜∞Ï£ä ´£ò ™Ó£ÏÉAÚæÏ°, ‹™ÒKÇË „Ë£FàFÚà¨Ó ‚Fò™Ë£áÆºâÓ πFÚ ‡ÙË G¨Ù¨ÒJ° ‡Ü∞PäπÇËú £∂Ë£äπà ∂¨¯ FÜÏ ıNË£ÜÆËú (Defense Planning Guidance) ‚°¯ ™Ë£ú¨Ë ›ıÌàFô ‚¥à∂Ç √¯äÜÏ˘; H°˘ò ´¸£òx ÏπúŒ πwS° ∫Óô Gòı£ËàFô ∂¨Ì £∂Ë£äπ ÒâFKªã, Gòı£ËàF° ™ıOÔ£Ü¥Ç ™Ë£ú¨Ë üPÚ ∫ÇAÚ CüHªÒ£˘ ™˜ô ™ı£ô´£MÜC˘£ô ‹ä™£ø∂ ÓÚ£KÇËäÜÏ ﬁâÓ ›ıÌã Qä´£ºÇ∞ä H°˘ò ‹¨˘à¨Óªã ePÑ ™ÍÚô¥àÓäÏ´ıáÆÚ ‹™ÒKÇË ‹ÛCÚô ﬁÛ£µı Õ´Ù££Úà¨Ó üP ıLª¡àFJºâÓ∂; ‹Ó£ı∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ‹âÓv¨Ó Íı£ΩÇ∞ ‡Ü¥àÓÇ√ÆÚ ı¨ËJô ‚âÓä ´£ÜÆÚ£˜´Û£, ÍÇF´Ú£ ™ıOä¥ı∂ ÓMòÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°´Ó ‹∂.

"‚Ò∂ ∫Óô ´Ô£ÇËã Âº πFÚ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜° ‚øÑCÚ¨Ïı¨Ó Ó¥àÓô ›∞ã. πFÚ ıÜÏ£Û £∂Ë£äπ Õ´Ù££ÚàFô ‹ÆàÓ˜àFô ›FÇËã ™ÍΩà∂ã ËºàÓ£∞ã ﬁ∂; ﬁ¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ Ô£ã ‚âÓ M´Û£Ó ÍÇFªã, ‡ÙË ÍÇF¨Ú ´Ó£ü¡MÇËä ´£∂Ò£˘ ›ü¯ô ﬁºÇËÇ √ÆÚ ∞F ‡ÙAô ‚É∞ ﬁºâÓ£Ωã ‹Ó°e∂ ›FÇËã ™ÍΩà∂ı∂ Ó¨Ï™ÍåÚäÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°Óü∞ Ô£ã ∫ÚüCÇË ´ıá¥ã. ﬁä∞FËOô ´Òü∞ ‰´Û£ä£, AˆÇ∞ ›CÚ£, ∫°˘£ú ´Í£MÚà Â°PÚàF° GÙäÛäπÇËú, ™Ó°´Òü∞ ›CÚ£ ›AÚ¨ı ‹ÏÉ∞ã.

"ﬁâÓ ﬁÙÇAü∞ Õ°¡ √¥ÓÙ£˘ √¡£¥Ëú ‡ú˜˘: ∫ÓÙ£ı∂ ‹™ÒKÇË ´Ó¨ıÚ£˘ πFÚ ÂøÉ¨Ë G¡M £∂Ë£äÓüË£˘ Ó¨Ù¨Ò¨Ú Ë£ÜÏ ´ıá¥ã; ﬁ∂ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜òË˜£Ë √ÆÚıòË¿Ç∞, ‹ıòËú ™KÚ É∞ ‹ôÙ∂ √¥ÓÙ£˘ ›ÇA´Û£˚ ™Ë£ú¨Ë¨Ú ÓÉËú ™ÔPÚ£˘ ÔÙ°Ë¿Ç∞ √Ïä Ú°¥àÓ M¨ˆÚÇ √Ï£∂ ‚°¯ ı¨ËJô Ôã¨ıäÓ£Ë ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã. ﬁÛáÏ£ıÓ£Ë, £∂Ë£äπ ‹ôÙ£Ó „¨˘Ú ∂¨¯ËOô ∫°´˘ü¯ã ‹¨Ïâ∂ú˜ ™Ó£Nô∂¨¯ Ô£¥ËO° ÔÙ°Ë¿Ç∞ ´£∂Ò£˘ıü¨¯ ™Íå∂ ™Ë£¥à∂ ‹ıòËú ‚Ò∂ Ó¨Ù¨ÒÚ Íı£ΩÇ∞Ü¥àÓ´ı£ ﬁºÇ∞ã ‹ÛCÚô, ™£º˜£Ó£Û ‹¨Òä¨ Ò£ü¡ıÓü∞ ∫ÚÙ£Ò´Ù£ ™Íå∂MÏ ´ıá¥ã. ﬁ¡FÚ£Ë ´£ÜÆÚ£˜Û£ËÇ√ÆÚıòËú ﬁ°¬ã ™KÚ HÛ£âFÚ ‹ôÙ∂ ‡ÙËâÓøMÚ ÉAü∞ ‹ı£ ™Ë£ú¿ı¨Óªã Ó¥Ç∞ã ı¨ËJô ÓÇË Ô¨Ï∫¨¯Ë¨˜ ´Òü™Ë£ú˜ ´ıá¥ã."

∫ÓÙ£ı∂ ı¨˜∞Ï£ ´£K° ∫ÆMô ﬂÛ£Ç üP ‹™ÒKÇË ™Ë£ú¨ËJô ∫Æ™ı¥äÓü∞ ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ Ëºà∂ ‹™ÒKÇË ´ÒÙ£FÇËà¨Ó ÓÇË ¨ıà∂Ç ™Ë£ú¿ıÓü∞ ‚°˘ ´Ó¨ı ‚°Ó£Ë ﬁºâÓ∂. ´£ºÇË£˘ ™ÍÙæË¨˜ ÔÜπ Ô£¥ËOô ﬁºâ∂ ™¡ıÓü∞ ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ë ‚¥àÓ H°˘ò (IË ‹FË ‹˜Mô ¸ä£°Ó£° 13 HôLÚ° Ï£ÙòË¨˜ ™Ë£¥àFºâÓ∂) ‹™ÒKÇË£ ´£ºÇ∞ Hâ¨ÓÚ ﬂÛ£ÇAô ‹Ó° ´£ÜÆÚ£˜òËú Ë£÷°¡ı¨Ó Ó¥äÓü∞ ‹¨˘à∂ ∫ÚüCË¨˜ªã ´Òü™Ë£á¥ ‹âÓ Ô£ÜÆ° ÛâÓ ÕÙı˜ÉË¨˜ ≤ÛáÏà ÓÚ£Û£Jü¡. ﬁâÓ ‡â∂ÓôÓ£° ™£º˜£Ó£Ûà Ó¨ÏËú ≤ÒàÓä™ü¯Óü∞ H°˘EJô ﬁºâÓ∂. ÍÓ£ã ˝ß¨Í° ›ÜC eá¥ã ›ªÓ£EÚ£ı¨Ó Ó¥äÓü∞ ‚°¡ ﬁôÙ£Òô, ﬂÛ£Ç∞ã ‹Ó° ‚á™Ìå ı˜ÉË¿ã ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ´£ÜÆÚ£˜òË¿Ç∞ A¨ÏÇË£Òô ™Íå∂MÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°∂Ó£°.

1990ËO° ﬁ¡FJô, ™£º˜£Ó£Ûà Ó¨ÏË¿Ç∞ ‡ÜÜÆºâÓ ›ÜC ‹FËKàÓ ı¨ËJô ﬁÚÉË∫ÆÚ£Òô ´£Jü¡; ‰´Û£äHÚ ÍÇFË¿ã ≤üP ı¨˜àÓ ∫¨¯Jô ‹¨Ó e¯ ∫Ú°¯˘. ı£SÉÏ° Âº πFÚ ™Ë£ú¨Ë¨Ú ı∞ÇË ´ıáÆÚÓ£Jü¡. 1998ã ›á¥ AO°Ï° Gòı£ËàFô Ë£ÉAÛv ﬂÛ£ÇAô "›ÜC Ò£ü¯ã" ´Ó¨ı ‚°¯ ™Ë£ú¨Ë¨Ú Âà∂Ç ™Ë£áÏ∂.

ÓM´Úü¯ ∫Óô Ô£Oô ﬁºâ´Ó ∫°˘£ú GFÚ¨ÒÑÍò ´£ô Ê cô M˜ÇAªú˜Æ, πw Gòı£Ëã ‹Ó° ™ıOª¯æ™Ë£ú¨Ë ™ÍÚüÜÆÚLô ﬂÛ£ÇA°eÓ£˘ ¨Ï™Ú¥ä¨ IË ∫ÇAÚÒ£Ë ËºàFü™Ë£áÆºâÓ∂. ‡ÙË ıòàÓË ¨ÒÚàF° e∂ Ó£Ç∞Óô ÔÏâÓ´£∂, ‹àÓ£Ç∞ÓLô ‚à™Ó£Ïò¨ªã ™Ë£áÆÛ£MÜÏ£Ωã, ﬂÛ£Ç¨Ë ™Ó£Ïòπ¥à∂ã ı¨ËJô "Í£°¡Ëú" ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ πw ´Ë£K˘£ò. ‹Ç´Ï£ò 2002ô ›äË£QvÓ£° ´£ò Òü¡ã ÓL£° ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ‹Ëü¯äÜÏH°˘ò, πw ›ÜC ´ÓCÚä £∂Ë£äπ Õ´Ù££Ú ›ıÌà¨Ó, πFÚ "Âº Ó¨ÙäÜÍÒ£˘ ´£ò" ´Ë£Ü£ÜÆ° ‹Æä¨ÏJô ™Ó£ÏÇA ¨ıàÓ£ò. ﬁÛáÏ£ã ‡ÙËä ´£ºÇ∞ H°˘ò Íòı´ÓÍ ÍÜÏà¨Ó ™ÔPä¥àFJºâÓ ‹¨˘à∂ ‡Úò Ëºà∂ÇË¨˜ªã ﬁâÓ ›ıÌã …ÇA™ÚPâÓ∂ ‚°´Ó ‹Ó° ∫ÇAÚà∂ıã ›∞ã.

À™Ûã´òÇ ∞ü¯MÍ£Û¨ÌËO°´£∂, ‹™ÒKÇË cFF ™Û£´òÜ ¸£ÇÍ° Ó¨Ù¨ÒJô ıˆÇ∞à ™Ó£¥àÓıòËO° ‹Æä¨Ïı£Óã Êò ›ÇAÛIäπä ´£¨Û Ô£TÇËú ÔÏàFÚ ∞ü¯àFü∞ ‡ÜÜÆºâÓ˘ò ‚°Ó£∞ã. ﬁFô ﬁºâ∂Ó£° „¨˘Ú ∞ü¯ÉËú ‹¨˘à∂ã M¨˜âÓÓ£ËÇ √¯äÜÏ∂. 2002 NSS ›ıÌàFô ﬁâÓ ‹Æä¨ÏÇ ™Ë£ú¨Ë …ÇA™ÚPÚäÜÏ∂. ‹™ÒKÇË£M° £∂Ë£äHü∞ ›à¨ÓÇ ™Ë£¥ÇËÇ √ÆÚ F¯° ‚âÓ Ô£ÜÆü∞ã ﬁºÇA¯∂ ‚˘ ‹∂ ËºF˘£ô ‹âÔ£ÜÆ° e∂ ´£ò ™Ó£¥Ç∞ã ‡K¨Ò ‡á¥ ‚°¡ πw Gòı£Ëã ‹PMàÓ∂. ﬂÛ£Ç ´£ò M¨ÛMô ™Ó£ÏÇËä™ü¯∂, ﬁä™£ø∂ Õ°¯¨Û ›á¥Ë¿Ç∞ H°˘ò ﬂÛ£¬Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ëä ´£òàÓÚ£KäπÇËú GËõA°¯˘.

ÕÙı˜ÉË¿ÇË£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏã

ﬁàÓ¨ËÚ ﬁÛ£µıı£ÓàF° ™ıÆäHü∞ ›Ó£Ûã ‚°˘? πw Gòı£ËàF° ÔòËú ‹ôÙ∂ CâÓ¨˘ä ´£Ç∞ ‹ôÙ∂ ‹Ó° ›´Ù£ÍËòËú ‚˘ä¥ã πFÚ ¨ˆ¨Òı£FËú (Neo-cons) e∂ ÒÜ¥ã ™£¡ä¨Ñ ≤Òà∂ı∂ ™ºã Óı¯£AM¥ã. ¸˘Ô£ÚËÇ ËÜCJ˘ò πw Gòı£Ëà¨Óä üP ∞¨¯Ëú √P˘£Ωã, Ù ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı CâÓ¨˘Ç∞øÇËú, Ô¨Ï∫¨¯¨Ú ‹Æä¨ÏÚ£ËÇ ™Ë£áÏ ™ıOª¯æÇ ™Ë£ú¨Ë eÜËäÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ ‹¨ˆäπ M¥àÓ£Ωã, ‹™ÒKÇË£ ‡ÙË ›FÇËà¨Ó ‹¨ÏÚ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ ‹Æä¨Ï ∫°´˘£ÇAô ‚âÓ ´ı¡£¥ã ﬁô¨Ù. ´ı¡£¥Ëú ‹¨Ó ‚äÆ ‹¨ÏÚÙ£ã ‚°FôÓ£° ‡ú˜∂. ‡Ó£ÛÌÒ£Ë, ﬂÛ£° HÛÑC¨˘¨Ú ™£¡àÓı¨ÛJô, ¸˘Ô£ÚËÇ ËÜCJ˘K° ∞¨¯√¯ôËú ıÙ∂ π¯àFô ﬁºâ∂ ıº¨ı´Ú; πw Gòı£Ëã ﬂÛ£ÇAô ´Òü™Ë£áÏ ™ÍÚü£ÜÆ˘£ô ™ÓyÛ£° ıΩı¨Ïâ∂MÜÏ∂ ‚°∂ ‹ıòËú √ü¡.

‡Ï˘ÆÚ£Ë Ë£Ìä¥ã ‹ÛCÚô H¨ÌäπÇË¨˜ ËÏâ∂ ﬁÛ£µıı£ÓàF° π¯G¨Ù ´ıòË¨˜ Ëá¥HÆÇË Ô£ã ™ÍôÙ ´ıáÆªú˜∂.

‚FòË£ÙàFô ﬁÛ£µı ´Ò£ÓôËOô ¨ÒÚä É¨Ë ™Ë£ú˜Ç√ÆÚ Ë£ÛEËOô Â°¡ ›Ó£ÛÉËú, ∞Pä£Ë ‚á™Ìå ı˜ÉË¨˜ ‹¨ÏıÓüË£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏÒ£Ë ﬁºÇ∞ã.

ﬁãÒ£Óà ™Ó£ÏÇËàFô Financial Times ∫°˘£ú ≤ü¡Ñ ≈ˆô ÒâFKÚ£Ë H´˜ÚK° ™Ó£NüËÜC ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàFô ﬁºâÓ ¨ÒÇ´Ëô eSK° "‚á™Ìå ´£òËú ıÛMºÇ∞ã ›à∂ÇË¨˜ ÓMòäÓü∞ ‡Ï˘Æ ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ë ´ıá¥ã" ‚°¯ Ó¨ÙäHô ‚øFJºâÓ ËÜ¥¨Û Â°¨¯ ™ıOÚÜÏ∂. ∞¨¯â∂ ıºã ‚á™Ìå, ‚Kı£ª ﬁºäπÇËOô ™ºã ∞F¨Ú ¨Ëäü¯ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¯ ™ºâF¨Ëä£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏã ™ºã ÍÇFË¿Ç∞ ﬁ¨Ï´Ú „üÜ¥MÜÏ∂ ‚°¨Ó ‹ıò ≤ÜÆÇË£ÜÆJºâÓ£ò. e˚º¨ÏÚ ËºàF°Æ Óü´£¨ÓÚ ÒFäd¥ËO°Æ ‹¥àÓ 20 ›á¥ËOô ‚á™ÌåÇË£˘ ´Ó¨ıJô 50 ÍÓMAÓã ‡Úòæ ﬁºÇ∞ã ‚°¡ã, ›˘£ô …å¨Òä¥à∂ã F¯´˘£ ‹ôÙ∂ √¥ÓÙ£˘ ‡üàF ‹à´Ó¨ı¨Ú ÃòàF ™ÍåıÓü´Ë£ ﬁÛ£∂ ‚°Ó£∞ã. ﬁÚü¨Ë ‚Kı£ª HKMô ‡ú˜ G¨Ù¨Òªã ﬁ´ÓMÓàFôÓ£° ‡ú˜∂.

"ﬁ∂ ıÛÙ£üPô Âº Fºäπ∫¨˘Ú£∞ã. ‚á™Ìå ´£°¯ ‹Æä¨Ï ›Ó£Ûã Ò£ül¥ „∂ã ﬁôÙ£Ó G¨ÙJô M¨Ûı£Ë MG´Ú£Ë ∞¨¯¨ı ﬁ∂Ë£¡ã ËáÏFô¨Ù. Ó°¨˘´Ú ‹Nà∂Ç ™Ë£ú¿ã Õ´Ù££Ú ı¨ËJô ∞¨¯â∂ ıºã ‚á™Ìå, ‚Kı£ª ‹OäπÇË¨˜ ∂ÇAÇ ™Ë£ú¿ã Ó°¨Ò ‡Ï˘ÆÚ£Ë πFÚ ‡ÙË M¨Í ÂøÉ¨Ë Ëá¥HÆÇ∞ã ı¨ËJô, π∂äHàÓô, ¨˝ÜÛ¸° ™£º˜£Ó£Ûã (hydrogen economy) ´£°¯ıü¨¯ ›Û£åıFô, ÍÇF ´ÍIäπ ∫¨¯ªÏ° ´Íòà∂, ™ÍÚô¥àÓäÏ ´ıá¥ã. ﬁôÙ£MÆ° ﬁÛáÏ£ã ™ºã ÒâÓ G¨Ù¨Ú ‹¨Ïªã ›à¨ÓÇ ™Ë£á¥M¥´ı£ã; ‹¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ ﬁÛ£µı ‹øàÓÉË¿ã ™ºã ´£òËú „ü¥ã ›à∂ÇË¿ã ıâ∂M¥ã."

e˚K° ‹Pæ¡àÓô ÜÆÚ¨Ùä £òà∂, ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ‹¨Òäπ ÒÜ¥ã ‹Ó° ∫ø ıÛÙ£ü¡ ı£õÇ¨Ë ıN¨Ú ›¿¨Ò ™Íåªã MFË¿Ç∞ Ò£¡ÜÏ ı¨ËJô ÔÏâFºâÓ£ô, ™ºÒâÓã, ﬁÛ£µıı£Óã Òü¡ã ´£òËú ´£°¯¨ı ÓMòÇËäÜÆºÇ∞ã ‚°¡ Âºıò √¯Ù£ã. ﬁ∂ IËæã ™ºÒ˜Mô ﬁÏã™¯Ç√ÆÚ ı£åäπÇË¨˜ Ô£ã ÓúOMÏ ∫ÆÚ£∂.

‚äÆä£òàÓ£Ωã, ‚á™Ìå, Òü¯ ÕÙı˜ÉËú üPÚ ÃÍôËú ﬁ°¬ã ›õâÓ ËÜ¥Ò£˘àFô ‡ú˜ ∫Ûá£¥ËO° ™ıOä£¥Ó£°. 1914ã ›á¥ ∫Óô ‡ÙËä ´£ò ™ıÆàÓ´£∂, IË ›õâÓ ‹òàÓàFô ∫ø ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ÂøÉ∞∫¨¯J° ‡¨Ï¨ı ﬁ∂ HÛFLàÓÓ£Ë Ü™Û£ÜvA M˜ÇA˘£ò. ‡üàF ÍÇFËú ‡ÙËâÓøMÚ ı¨ËJô ı˜òÑC ‹¨ÏıÓü∞ã ‡ÙËã ´£ÜÆJÜ¥Ç ™Ë£áÆºÇ∞ã ´ÓCÚ ‹ÛÍ¨ÒäπÇ∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ™Ë£á¥ú˜ H˜Mô ‚øã ∫Ûá£ÜÆ˘£ôÓ£° ´£ò M¨˜âÓ∂ ‚°¡ã ﬁ∂Ë£¡ã ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ™Í£à∂K¨Ò ‡¯æË¨˜ªã ´ÓCÚ ‹Û≤ ∫¨¯¨Úªã ﬁ¨Ìà∂Ñ ™Í°¯ ı¨ËJô ‹Æä¨Ï¨Ú ™Ë£áÆºâÓ ‡üàF ∫¨¯Ëú ‹âÓ ¨ˆÚ ıÆı¨ÒäHô ﬁºâ∂ ePÚ ı¨ËJô ı˜òâ∂MÜÏ∂ ‚°¡ã √P˘£ò. ∫ÇAÚ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı Ô£¥Ëú Âö™ı£°¡ã ﬁâÓ ∫Ûá£Ü¨Ï bòäÓü∞ Ó°¨˘ ‡ÙA° Âº ™ºã ıôÙÛÍ£Ë Ò£üPÇ™Ë£ú˜ ∫Æ™ı¥àÓ˘ ‚°¡ã ﬁ¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆ ﬁÛ£µıä ÃÍôË¿ã ıâÓ˘.

"∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı∫¨¯ ‹Æä¨ÏJô, ‡ÙËä ™£º˜£Ó£ÛàF° ıºÉË£Ù ı˜òÑC ‚°∂ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ıÑ ≤Ûá¥ÓΩÇ∞ ﬁ°¬ã √¥ÓÙ£˘ πFÚ ı£åäπÇË¨˜ ﬁ¨ÏMÏ£Òô ´Ó¥ıÓ£Ë ﬁºÇ∞ã ‚°´Ó£¥ ‹àÓ¨ËÚ ÕÙı˜ÉËú Â´Û ›Ó£ÛàFô ﬁºâ∂, ‹Ó£ı∂ ÃIJô ﬁºâ∂Ó£° ™¯ ´ıá¥ã ‚°¡ã ﬁºÇ∞ã. ﬁÛ£µıı£ÓàF° Ó£¨ËJô ™£º˜£Ó£Ûä ´£ÜÆ ‚°∂ ™Ë£ú¨˜ ∫¨¯, ‹Næ ﬁıü¡Ï° ﬁ¨Ìâ∂ ÒQÓ£HÒ£˘ ™£º˜£Ó£ÛàF° ‹Æä¨ÏÇ ™Ë£ú¨ËË¨˜ ePÚ ı¨ËJô ﬁºÇ∞ã. ´ÓCÚ ‹ÛÍ H˜æË˜£ô „üÜÆºÇ∞ã ∞ˆäÉË¨˜ ‚Fòà∂ ‡ÙË ‡üàF∫¨¯ ‚øÑC ™Íåı´Ó£¥ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ™£º˜£Ó£Û ‹¨ÒäHü∞ ‚FÛ£Ëæã Gü∞ã; ﬁä™£ø∂ ﬁ∂ Ë£Ü¥IÛ£áÆàÓ˘Ò£Ë Yò∞¨Ùæ, ∞ˆäàFü∞ ‡ÜÜ¥MÜÏ∂."

ıôÙÛ≤Ë¿Ç∞ ﬁ¨Ï´Ú „üÜÏ ÃÍô ∫ÓÙ£ã ‡ÙËä ´£K˘£ô bòÇËäÏMô¨Ù. ﬁ°¬ã ™Ë£«ÛÒ£˘ M¨˜æË¿Ï° ‹∂ Òü¡ã ﬁÛáÏ¨Û ÓÍ£äÓÉË¿Ç∞ ™Ó£Ïòâ∂ ﬁ¡FJô 1945ã ›á¥ ‹™ÒKÇË „Ë£FàFÚ∫ã ‹Ó° √Ü¥ Ô£¥Ë¿ã ´¸òÒ° Òü¡ã ¸ä£QÚ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜òËú e∂ ™Ë£áÏ ™ıüP¨Ú ‹¥à∂ ∫Ææü¯∂. Âäπ¨ÒJô Âº πFÚ ÍÒG¨Ù G¡ıäÜÏ∂. ›˘£ô ﬁÛá¥ ‡ÙËä ´£òËú, ™ºÒâÓ G¨Ù, £CÍàF° ™Ë£«ÛÉËú ›AÚıüPü∞ ıNı∞àÓ ‹Æä¨Ï ∫Ûá£¥Ëú ÓüË£LËÒ£ËàÓ£° Â¥ÇËäÜÆºâÓ˘.

ﬁä™£ø∂ ËÏâÓ 60 ›á¥ËOô ‡üàF ÍÇFËOô ÛâÓ ı˜òÑC --∞Pä£Ë ‡ÙË˜£MÚ ‡üàF∫¨¯ ÂºÉA¨Ìäπ ËEQ ™Ó£Nô∏Üã Òü¡ã ÓËıô ∂¨¯Ë˜£ô ‹á¨ÒJô „°ÜÏF° M¨˜æ-- πFÚ ∫Ûá£Ü¥ ‡ÑÍÇ ËÜÏà¨Ó ¨ˆÚ ™£º˜£Ó£Ûã Òü¡ã ´ÓCÚ ‹Û≤Ç∞ã ﬁ¨Ï´Ú ﬁºäFô ´Ó£ü¡Mà∂MÜÏ∂. ﬁÉ∞àÓ£° ﬁÛ£µıı£ÓàF° π¯G¨ÙÚ£˘ ÕÙ◊ü¡ ‹¨Òâ∂ú˜∂.

Âº ∫ÇAÚ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ÍÇF ‚°¬ã ∫¨¯Jô, ‹™ÒKÇË£ ﬁâÓ ∫Ûá£Ü¨Ï Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ‡ÙË ›FÇËà¨Ó G¡æıF° ÕÙã bòÇË ∫üÜ¥ú˜∂. ›˘£ô ™KÚ ÍÇFËú Âäπ¨ÒJô ﬁÛáÏ£ã ‡ÙËä ´£ºÇ∞ H°˘ò Ò£ü¯à¨Ó ™Ë£á¥ú˜˘. ´£òÆÍã (Fordism) ‚°¯ ™ÚKô, ∫ÓLô ‡üàF ∫¨¯ËO° MKı£ÇËã ∫ÓLô ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ı˜òÇËäÜ¥ H°˘ò ‡Ù™ËÉAΩã ¨ËÚ£˜äÜÏ∂, ´£ºÇ∞ Hâ¨Ó¨Ú Ë£ÙàFô ‡ÚòG¨Ù¨Ú ™Ë£áÏ∂ ‚°¯£ô, ‹™ÒKÇË ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı∫¨¯Jô ™£º˜£Ó£Û G¨ÙJô „üÜ¥ú˜ Ò£ü¯ã C¯ä£˘ ∫¨¯Jô ´£òÜ ´Ò£ÜÏ£ò G¡ı˘à¨Ó ≈õâÓ ™ÔºÇËÆJô C¯ä£Ë, ≤ºÇËÒ£Ë M˜ÇËä¥A°¯∂. ‹∂ ﬁä™£ø∂, Íòı´ÓÍ ‹˜Mô ´£ÜÆàÓ°¨ÒJô cÆàFºäÓüË£Ë, ôÙ£JÛÇËÌÇË£˘ ´ı¨Ù ‹NäπÇË¿Ç∞ ıNı∞à∂ú˜∂.

‹™ÒKÇË£ı£˘∂ Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ¨ˆÚ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜òË˜£˘ ¸ä£°, ´¸òÒQ Òü¯ ‰´Û£äHÚ ÍÇFË¨˜ ´Ò£Óô™Ë£ú¿ı∂ ÒÜ¥ã ‹ôÙ£Òô, ™K∂ã ıΩMˆâÓ ™£º˜£Ó£Û G¨ÙJô, Y˘£, ÛwÚ£, ﬁ°¬ã CP∂Ë£ÙàFô ﬁâFÚ£æã ﬁºÇ∞ã, πFÚ Íı£ô M¥ıòË¨˜ªã ´Ò£Óô™Ë£ú¿ã. ‹Ó° ™£º˜£Ó£Û ›FÇËã ËÏâÓË£Ù M˚ÚÒ£Ëä ´£åMÜÏ G¨ÙJô, ﬁ°¬ã Ó˘∂ ‹KIÓÒ£˘ ´ÒÙ£FÇËà¨Ó ‹¬MÇ∞ã Âº ∞FJô ‹™ÒKÇË£ Ó˘∂ MÖCÚ G¨Ù¨Ò¨Ú ﬁÛ£µıÍÇF ™Ë£á¥ ÓÇË¨ıà∂Ç ™Ë£ú˜ MºãπA¯∂.

›˘£ô ﬁÛ£µıı£Óã ÓMòÇË ∫ÆÚ£Òô ‹Ó° ÓòÇËàÓ°¨Ò¨Úªã ™Ë£áÆºÇA¯∂ ‚°¨Ó ﬂÛ£ÇA°eÓ£˘ ´£ò ™ÓOı£Ë ™ıOä¥àFªú˜∂. ı£SÉÏ° Âº´£∂ã ¸˘Ô£ÚËà¨Ó ‹É∞ G¡ı MºãHÚFô¨Ù, ‹âÔ£Ü¨ÏÇ ™Ë£ú¨˜ÚÆÇËàÓ£° MºãHÚ∂. ﬁä™£ø∂ ‹∂ ‹ËäÜ¥ú˜ ÍÉËÏàF° ∂ıÇËã ﬁ¨Ó™Ú£ÜÆàÓ£°. ﬁFô ﬁºâ∂ ‚äÆ ™ıO´Ú¯∫Æªã? ﬁ°¬ã √¥ÓÙ£˘ ı¨ËJô ﬁÛ£µıÍÇF¨Úä Ú°¥àFàÓ£°.

ﬂÛ£¬Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ëä ´£òàÓÚ£KäπÇËú

1980ËOô ﬁä™£ø∂ FºäFä¥à∂ÓLô ‡ú˜ ›à∂ÇËú üP Ë¥¨ÒÚ£˘ ‚ÑÍKÇ¨Ë M¥ã ™Ï£° Ûãv™ôÜ, ´ÛË° Gòı£ËàF° Í£ò£Ë ÍÓ£ã ˝ß¨Í° ›ÜCªÏ° eá¥ã ‡¯æË¨˜ G¡æıÓüË£Ë Âº C¯äπä ÚÌà¨Ó ´Òü™Ë£áÆºâÓ£ò. ‹Ó° ´Ô£ÇËã ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ﬂÛ£¬Ç∞ Âº ‚FòÍÇF ıL¨ÒÚ£Ë ‹¨ÒÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã ‚°Ó£∞ã.

ﬁ°¡ ˝ß¨Í¨˘ ›ÜJô ﬁºâ∂ ‹ËüPÚ H°˘ò, ﬂÛ£¬¨ÏÚ G¨Ù¨Ò ıΩä™ü¡MÜÏ∂; ‹™ÒKÇË ÔÙ°Ë¿Ç∞ ´Ô™ÛFÛ£Ë ‹∂ Ó°¨˘ Âº HÛ£âFÚ ÍÇFÚ£Ë ‡¡Fä¥àFÇ ™Ë£ú˜ MºãπA¯∂. ‚˘´ı ﬂÛ£¬Ç∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ∫ˆÇËä¥ã ´£ò∫ÛC° ÂLËú Âö™ı£º Ô£¿ã ‡ÛÇË ™ıOıºı¨Ó Ô£ã Ë£áA´¯£ã ---‹ä´£ò ﬁ°¬ã Ë¥¨ÒÚ£˘ ´ÛNæË¨˜, ﬂÛ£ÇAÚ ¨Ï™Ú¥äH° M¨˜æË¨˜ªãMÏ ‹FËÒ£ËàÓ£° ™Ë£¥Ç∞ã.

™°ÏË° bMÛÒ£Ë Âº ﬁÛ£µı ÔÏıÆÇ¨ËÇ∞ FÜÏIÜ¥Ç ™Ë£áÆºä´Ó£¥, ‹µı£ªÓÉË¨˜ Ú°¥àÓÙ£Ò£ ‚°¡ã bMÛÒ£Ë Ëº∂A¯∂. ﬁÉ∞ã Âº ﬁ¨ÏMÏ£ ÓòÇËãÓ£° ™ÍÚô¥A¯∂.

‚ôÙ£ıü¡Ç∞ã ∫ÓÙ£Ë, Ó£Ç∞ÓL° ‡á¨Ò¨Ú Ò¨¯à∂ÇË£Ü¥ıÓüË£˘ ﬁÙÇ∞ ﬂÛ£Q° ‹µ›ü¯ô ı£åäπ ı˜ÉË˜£Ë ﬁºâÓ£ô, H°˘ò ÒÛ£òâÓ ∞á¥iÑ≤ ∫¨¯Ëú (Conventional bombing methods) ´£∂Ò£˘Ó£Ë ﬁºÇË£∂. ﬁv´ÛLÚ ›´Ù£ÍËò ÂºıÛ£˘ w´Ù£Ò£ ´Ò£v ™ÍäÏãò 19 Jesusalem Post ﬁô ‚øFªú˜Æ, "ﬂÛ£QÚòËú ÓÉËú ›ªÓÉË¨˜ªã ‡úËÜ¥Ò£˘ÉË¨˜ªã GÙàFü∞Ç W´ˆ Ò¨¯äÓü∞ „Û£˜ Ìà¨Ó ™ÍÙıNà∂ú˜˘ò. IË ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ ËºMËú ‹¨˘à∂ã GÙàF˘ÆJô ‡ú˜˘. ‹™ÒKÇË ıôΩ˘òËú ÒÛ£òâÓ ›ªÓÉËú ﬁöMÏÉËOô ·¥ºæÓô ËÆ˘ã ‚°¡ √PMÜÏ˘ò. ™£∂ ›Ó£ÛÉËO° ÓËı¨Ù ‹¥à∂ ‚âÓà Ó£Ç∞ÓΩã ‹µı£ªÓä Ú°£Ü¥ ‡àF¨ÚÇ ™Ë£ú¿ã ‚°¡ √¯ä¥A¯∂."

ﬁ´Ó ÓòÇËãÓ£° ¨ÏËú Ú°¥àÓä¥ıÓü∞ã ‡´Ú£AÇËä¥A¯∂. ıÙ∂Í£KÇ ËÜ¥¨ÛÚ£˜ò ı£ôÏò MôLÚãv Townhall.com ﬁô ÍeàFô √PÚ Ëºà¨Óä £òä´£ã:

"G¨˘à∂ä £ºÉËú. ﬁä™£ø∂ ‹™ÒKÇË£ 18 Ê¨Ë´Ú£ ÓÛ còÕõAÇ ËäôËú ‚°¯ ›ªÓà¨Ó ™Ë£á¥ú˜∂. Âº còÕõAÇ ËäLô 24 Æ¨Û™Ï°Ü ‹µı£ªÓ „æË¨ÌËú ‡á¥. Âö™ı£º Æ¨Û™Ï°Ü „æË¨ÌJΩã ‚Ü¥ ‹µı£ªÓÇ ËºMËú ≤ÚÒ£Ë ﬁÙÇ¨Ë ‹¨ÏÚÇ√ÆÚ F¯° ™ü¯¨ı ‡á¥. ﬁÓ° ™£ºú ‹™ÒKÇË£ ÒÜ¥´Ò ﬂÛ£° ‹ôÙ∂ CKÚ£ ‹ôÙ∂ ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFô ﬂ¥Ü¥ú˜ ‹ôÙ∂ ›ÓÛæ ™Ë£¥Ç∞ã ‚âÓ Ô£Ü¨Ïªã ‹ôÙ∂ ∞øÇË¨˜ªã Âº iÛò ﬁˆäπ √Ï ﬁôÙ£Òô, ‹Nà∂MÏ ∫Æªã."

"‡ÙÉAΩã Ûâ∂ú˜ ÒÇËú Ëºà∂" üPÚ ‹ÇË¨¯¨Ú ı£SÉÏ° ™Ë£á¥ú˜∂" ‚°¡ MôLÚãv πÙãπA¯£ò; ´ÒΩã "‹µı£ªÓ Ú°£Ü¨Ï ﬁâÔ£¥Ë¿Ç∞ ‚FÛ£ËÇ ™Ë£ú¿ıFô ıΩı£˘ Mºäπã ﬁô¨Ù"; "„™˘Qô ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ﬁºÇ∞ã ‚Ò∂ M´Û£FË¨˜ ‹NàÓô ‚°∂ „Û£˜Ò£˘ GÛÛ£FËO° ‡JòË¨˜ä Pà∂M¥ã, √Ü¥´ÍÓàF° M¨˜æ ‚°¡ ¨ËËú H¨ÍÚä¥ã ‚°Ó£ô ﬁâG¨Ù" ‚°¡ã ‹ıò √Pªú˜£ò.

™ÍäÏãò 17 FäHô Time ﬁÓõ ∞PäH¥ı∂´£ô ÒàFÚ AˆÇAô ÛÛä£˘ ÔÏıÆÇ¨Ë ‚°∂ ﬂÛ£° e∂ Âº ´£ºÇË£˘ ÓÚ£Käπ ‚°¨ÓÇ ∞PÇA¯∂; ‹™ÒKÇË ÒàFÚ ËÜ¥ä£ÜÆ° Ó˜FÚ£˘ ™¸˘Ûô ´¸£° ‹HTÚÜ £ÛYË ı¨˜∞Ï£ Ó¨ÙıòË¿Ï° ÔÏàFÚ Mı£ÓÉËOô ™ÍÚüÜÆÚLô ™Ë£áÆºâÓ£ò.

"Í£Ó£ÛÌÒ£Ë £òàÓ£ô ﬂÛ£¬Ï° ´£ò ‚°∂ ‹àÓÒ£Ë ™ÓKªã. ›˘£ô ‚äÆä ∞àÓ£åâÓ£Ωã ‹™ÒKÇË£ ﬁ°¬ã Âº Ë¨ÏCä ´£¨Û ÔÏàÓ ∫ÆÚ£∂. ﬁÛá¥ ∫ü¡ä™¯£ ´£òËú, ﬂÛ£Q° AˆÇ∞ä ∞FJô Â°¡ã ‹Ó° ´Òü∞ä π¯àFô Â°¡ã ‹°¯£Ïã ‹™ÒKÇË Ëº◊Ùà¨ÓÇË£L ™Íå∂ ™Ë£áÆºÇA°¯˘; ¨ÏËú ‹FË ¿Mü∞ ‡Ü¥àÓäÜ¥ú˜˘. ı£SÉÏQ° ÔÜπ Ô£¥Ëú ™ºã£Ù£˘¨ı Òü™¯£º ™ıOÔ£Ü¥ ≈Ó£ÜÏàFô ﬂ¥Ïà Ó£ÉËú ÓÚ£Kô¨Ù ‚°¡ √PMÜÏ˘" ‚°¡ ËÜ¥¨ÛJ° ›CKÚò ∞PäHÜ¥ú˜£ò.

ÔÏäπ ﬁ¨ÓMÏ ´Ò£ÍÒ£Ëä ´£åMÏ ∫ÆÚ£∂ ‚°¡ Ëº∂ıòËú ÓÉË¨˜ Ó£ÉË´˜ ´ÓüPÇ ™Ë£ú¿ã Í£Ó£ÛÌ ∫¨¯Ó£° ﬁ∂. ›˘£ô ÓòÇË´Ò£ ﬁÓü∞ ‚FÛ£ËÇ √¡ã. ‹™ÒKÇË£M° "ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£ò" ‚°∂ ∫üPΩã ∞àÓPıü¯∂; ‹™ÒKÇË „Ë£FàFÚàF° ™Í£âÓ ﬁÙÇ∞ËO° Ëá´Ì£ÜÏàFô ﬁºâ∂√Ï ‹äÆàÓ£°. ‚˘´ı ´ı¡ Âº ´£Ç∞ Ë¨ÏHÆÇËäÏ ´ıá¥ã. ›˘£ô ﬁà¨ÓËÚ ı£ÓÉËOô Âº ‹Æä¨Ïà Óı¡ ‡ú˜∂. ‹¨ı ‹ÛCÚÙ£˘∂, ∞Pä£Ë Íòı´ÓÍ ‹ÛCÚÙ£˘∂ Íâ¨ÓË¿ÇË£˘, ﬁÙ£ÉË¿ÇË£˘ Òü¡ã ™Íôı£Ç∞ ‚ô¨ÙË¿ÇË£˘ ´£ÜÆ, ‚¬ã ∫üPΩã ´ı¡ÜÏ MFË˜£ô ›¿¨Ò ™ÍåÚä¥ã ‚F™ÛFò ÍÏgFÚ£˘ ÔÙ°ËO° ´Ò£ÓôËOLºâ∂ ∫°™ÍôA¯∂ ‚°¨ÓÇË£ÜÆΩã, Ë£ÛÌË£KÚ ‹PM° MFËO° Æ ∫°™ÍôA¯∂ ‚°¯, Óı¯£˘ Ëºà∂ºÇË¨˜ ‹Æä¨ÏÚ£ËÇ ™Ë£áÆºÇA°¯˘.

´ı¡MÓÒ£ËÇ √P˘£ô, ﬁÛ£µııNJ° ÕÙã ‡ÙË ›FÇËà¨Ó ‹¨ÏÚ Mºãπã ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ‡â∂ÓLô ‡ú˜ ∞àÓPıü¯ Ó°¨Ò --ﬁ∂Ó£° ÚÉËÛı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£K° Í£Û£ãÍã -- "´¸£òx Ò°˘K° ¨àFÚÇË£ÛàÓ˘àFô" ﬁºâ∂ ‚øMô¨Ù; Ò£¯£Ë Ã´Ë£˜ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ‹¨ÒäH° π¯G¨Ù ∞àÓPıü¯ Ó°¨ÒJô ´ıœ°Pªú˜∂. ‡üàF ÍÇFËú ∫°™˘£º´£∂IôÙ£Óı¨ËJô ÍÕËÒÚÒ£ÇËäÜ¥ú˜˘; ´ÓCÚ ‚ô¨ÙË¿Ç∞ ‹ä£ô ÛM GüA°¯˘; ›˘£ô ‡ÙË´Ò£ ∫üPΩã Ë£Ùã ËÏâ∂MÜÏ ÓQÑ™Í£à∂¨Ï¨Ò Òü¡ã ´£ÜÆJ¥ã ´ÓCÚ ‹Û≤Ë˜£ô ™Ó£Ïòâ∂ ´Ò£ÓΩü¡ã H˜æü¡ã AÏÇA°¯˘. ‹™ÒKÇË£ Ó°¨˘ Ó¨ÙÚ£Ú ‡ÙË ÍÇF ‚°¡ G¡MÇ ™Ë£úıÓ° ÕÙã ﬁâÓ ∫Ûá£Ü¨Ïà bòÇË ∫ÚôA¯∂. ›˘£ô, ‹´Ó ´ÔÛàFô Ã´Ë£˜ ‡üàF GËõÑCä´£ÇË£˘∂ ‹Ó° ÂädÜÏ˜MÙ£˘ ™£º˜£Ó£Û G¨Ù¨Ú ıΩMˆÇËÑ ™Íå∂ú˜∂. ‚˘´ıÓ£° ‹∂ ﬁÛ£µı Ùà¨Ó Ôã ´ıáÆ ‡ú˜∂.

Âº ´Í£ÍLÍ ∫°´˘£Ç∞

‡ÙË ›FÇËÓFüË£Ë ‹™ÒKÇË£ ÔÏà∂ã ´£K° Ó˜àFô ‡ú˜ π¯G¨Ù GËõæä´£Ç∞Ë¨˜ üPÚ ‚Ò∂ ∞ä£åMô ﬁºâ∂ ‡¡FÚ£˘ ‹ÛCÚô ∫°´˘£Ç∞Ëú ‚øA°¯˘. ‚ôÙ£ıüPü∞ã ´ÒÙ£Ë, ﬁÛ£µıı£ÓàFü∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏÒ£˘∂, „Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFË¨˜ ´£Ç¨Ë Ò£üPÇ ™Ë£ú˜ ‹øàÓã ™Ë£¥Ç∞ã ‚°¡ G¨˘àÓ£´Ù£ Òü¨¯Ú ËÜCË¨˜ ‹ÛÍ£ÉËàFô ﬁºàF˘£´Ù£ ´£∂ã ‚°∂ ›õâÓ H¨ˆª¨ÏÚÓ£∞ã. „Ë£FàFÚ ´£ºÇ∞ ‚FÛ£˘ ´£Û£ÜÏàFô ∫°´˘ü¯ã Ë£Ì´ıá¥ã ‚°¯£ô, ‹∂ Âº ´Í£ÍLÍ ´ı¨ÙàFÜÏàFô ‡¡FÚ£Ë ﬁºÇË ´ıá¥ã; ﬁö´ı¨ÙàFÜÏã Íòı´ÓÍ ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËà¨Ó ÂºÉA¨ÌÇ∞ã ´Ô£ÇËà¨Ó ™Ë£á¥, ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ﬁÙ£ ∫¨¯¨Ú ‹ËüP ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ √ÜÏ¨Òä¨ G¡ıÓô ‚°¨Ó ﬁÙÇË£Ë ™Ë£áÆºÇË ´ıá¥ã.

´ÒΩã ﬁÛ£µıı£Ó ™ıÆäπ, ´£ò, Ë£ÙQà∂ıã ‹ôÙ∂ "›ÜC Ò£ü¯ã" ‚°¡ ﬁºàF´Ú£Û£ã Àü¯£áÆô ´ı¡ ™Úò ™Ë£¥àFºÇËäÜÏ∂ ›AÚ¨ı ‹™ÒKÇË£Mô ﬁºâ∂Ó£° ´Ó£°¡¨ı ‚°¡ G¨˘àÓ£ô ‹∂ ™ºã Óı¯£AM¥ã. ‹™ÒKÇË£ı£˘∂ Ã´Ë£˜ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ‹¨ÒäH° ËÜÏ¨ÒäH´Ù´Ú ÓÉAªú˜ π¯G¨Ùä ´£Ç∞Ë¨˜ IË Ù£àË£ÛÒ£˘ ∫¨¯Jô ÒÜ¥´Ò ™ıOä¥à∂A¯∂.

‡ÙA° ™ºã ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı ÍÇFËO° ÃÍô Ë˜Ò£Ë ‡ÙA° Âö™ı£º ∞Fªã Ò£PMÜÏ∂. ∞¨¯ı£˘ ›ü¯ô ‡¨ÏÚ ∫ÓÙ£Oà∂ı Ô£¥Ë¿ã ﬁâÓ Íâ¨ÓËú, ﬁÙ£ÉËú, ™Íôı£Ç∞ ÒáÏÙÉËú üPÚ ´£ÜÆJô ÓàÓã G¨Ùä£Ü¨Ï ‡¡F¥àFÇ ™Ë£ú˜ä £òÇA°¯˘. ›CÚ-CHÇ ∞Fªã ﬁÓü∞ Âº ‡Ó£ÛÌã ›∞ã.

"ÚÉËÛı£ÓàF°eÓ£˘ ´£Kô" ∫ø ›ÓÛ¨ı ›vF´ÛLÚ£ ™Ë£¥àFºäF° ¨ÒÚà FÜÏÇ Ëºà∂ÇËOô Â°¡ Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ∞FJô Ó°¬¨ÏÚ ÔÙ°Ë¨˜, ›vF´ÛLÚ „Ë£FàFÚà¨Ó ∫°´˘ü¡MäÓü∞ ‹™ÒKÇË£M° ›ÓÛ¨ıä ™¯Ù£ã ‚°∂Ó£°. ﬁâÓä H¨Ìäπ πw ‹FË£ÛàFü∞ ıºıÓü∞ ∫°´ ‡¡F¥àÓäÜÏ∂. 1999ô ›vF´ÛLÚ£ AˆÇ∞ b´Ò£Kô ‹Ó° ∫ÇAÚ ´£òà∂WCÚ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜ºÇ∞ ‚FÛ£Ë ıΩı£˘ G¨Ù¨ÚÇ ™Ë£ú˜ ∫ÆâÓF° Ë£ÛÌã AO°Ï° Gòı£ËàFÏã ﬁºâ∂ ‹∂ ™ü¯ ›ÓÛæÓ£°. ﬁâÓ ›á¥ ›vF´ÛLÚ Ó¨ÙfÜÆΩã√Ï, ‹™ÒKÇË£ eá¥ã ‡¡FÚ£˘ ›ÓÛ¨ıÇ ™Ë£¥à∂ú˜∂.

ﬁ´Ó HÛÑC¨˘ËúÓ£° Í£´Ù£Ò° bæËOô Ë£°™Û£M° Ó¨ÙfÜÆΩã ‡ú˜˘; ‹É∞ ´˝£ıòÜ ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ıPÚ Ô£ÜÆô "›ÜC Ò£ü¯ã" Â°¨¯Ç ™Ë£á¥ıÛ ∫Ú°¡ ıºA¯∂. Óü´£¨ÓÚ HÛÓÒ ÒâFK ´Í£Ëı´ÛJ° ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ´£ÜÆ ÍÇFËOÏã Í£åâ∂M¥´Ò£ ‚°¡ ﬁ∂ Ëı¨Ùä¥A¯∂. Australian Financial Review ÍeàFô ∞PäHÜ¥ú˜ Âº ËºàF°Æ, Í£´Ù£Ò° bæËOô ﬁºâ∂ "HÛ£âFÚàFô ﬁºâ∂ ™ıüPÏà¨Ó GÛäπã F¯¬¨ÏÚ ´£ÜÆÚ£˜¨Û ¨ıÇË£Òô" ›vF´ÛLÚ£ ‹ÉAºâ∂ ¨ÏË¨˜ Fºãä ™¯£∂ ‚°¡ã "Òü¯ Ô£¥Ë˜£˘ Y˘£, Ò´ÙCÚ£, ¨Óı£° ›AÚ¨ı ÓÉËú ™Íôı£Ç¨Ë Í£´Ù£Ò° bæËOô ›vF´Û´Ù¨Ú ¨ËMÜÏ£ô, ™Ë£á¥ıâ∂MÏ ›òıà¨ÓÇ Ë£Ü¥A°¯˘" ‚°¨Ó ´Í£Ëı´Û ‹Pı£ò ‚°¡ã ‡ú˜∂. GŒCÙ£âF° ™ıOª¯æ ÒâFKÚ£˘ M°vÏ° dÜÏòv, A˜£òÇA° ‹ÛÍ£ÉËã ›vF´ÛLÚ£æÏ° "™ÔºÇËÒ£Ë" Âà∂¨ˆÇ∞ã ‚°¡ã, "Í£´Ù£Ò° bæËú ‹ôÙ∂ AˆÇ∞ b´Ò£Kô ‚ÉËO¨ÏÚ ﬁºÇ∞ã ´Ô£ÇËÉËOô H˜æ „∂ã ﬁô¨Ù ‚°¡ã ‹∂ ÔôÙ ∫¨¯Jô ‹ä∞F ›˜äÏ´ıá¥ã, ıºÉË£Ù ÍÒ£Ó£˘ã £∂Ë£äπ ‚°ıü¨¯Ç ™Ë£¥Ç∞ã" ‚°¡ã √Pªú˜£ò.

™ºã „Ë£FàFÚ ÍÇFËO° ´£ò ‡â∂ÓLô GŒCÙ£â∂ Âº É¨Ëªã ™Ë£ú˜Mô¨Ù, „™˘Qô ‹∂ ∞¨¯âÓ ¨ÏË¨˜ªã ‹´ÔËÒ£Ë Ó¨Ùf¥ËOô Òºà∂ı ‡ÓM ´£°¯ıüPôÓ£° ﬂ¥¥A¯∂ ‚°¡ G¨˘ä∂ IËÇ ∞¡AÚ´Ô£Ç∞¨ÏÚ HÛ£âFÚı£Óã ‹ôÙ∂ ≤ÚÔÙã ‚°¯Ó£AM¥ã.

GŒCÙ£â∂ bòÒ£˘ËÛÒ£˘ É¨Ë ›ü¯Mô¨Ù, ‹ôÙ∂ ∫ÇAÚ É¨ËÇ √Ï ›ü¯Mô¨Ù ‚°∂ ‡á¨ÒÓ£°; ›˘£Ωã ‹∂ Âº É¨Ë ›üPÚ∂. Êò ﬁÚâFÛàF° CPÚ ∞F ‡â∂Óô ‹OÇ∞ã ﬁÚÇËÒ£Ë ﬁºÇËà ´Ó¨ıJô¨Ù; ›˘£Ωã ﬁÚâFÛàF° ∫ÇAÚÒ£˘ ËºMËOô ‹∂æã Â°¡Ó£°.

‹àÓ¨ËÚ ∞¡AÚ £ò¨ıJô ‡¡FÚ£Ë ﬁºäıòËú ‹ôÙ∂ ™ÓKÚ£àÓ°¨Ò ‹PÚ£àÓ°¨ÒJ˘£ô GŒCÙ£â∂ Âº ÍÒ£Ó£˘ ‹¨ÒFà bı£Ë CHÇ ™ºÉËÏLô ™ÍÚÙ£ü¯Ù£ã ‚°¡ G¨˘äıòËú Ô¨Ï∫¨¯gFÚ£˘ ıÛÙ£ü¡ä ÆäH¨˘Ëú üP ËüË´ıá¥ã. ﬁàbæËOô ﬁºÇ∞ã C¡ ÔËÛÉËOô ÚÌã ´Òü™Ë£ú˜ ´ıá¥ã; ‹É∞ ﬁºÇ∞ã G¨˘æÑ C°˘ÉËOô ™£PÇËäÜ¥ú˜ ™ÚòË¨˜Ç ∞Pà∂, ∞¥ãä ™ÚòË¨˜ä Fæ ™ÍåÚ ´ıá¥ã; ™ºã ´£ò ‚°¡ ‹¨ˆÇËä¥A°¯Fô ÓÉËO° ı£õÇ¨Ë¨Ú ﬁˆâ∂MÜÏ ‹ıòËO° ™ÚòËú Ù∫¨¯ªã ıâÓ ıáÌã ﬁºÇ∞ã; ‹Ó° H° ‹ıòËú ‹ä´£Kô ™Ò£àÓ ÒÇËÜ™Ó£¨ËJô ´£Kô ﬁ¯âÓıòËú MAÓàFô ﬁÑC¡Ô£ÜÆ° É∞ Òü¯¨ıÇ∞ CP∂ã ∞¨¯âÓ∂ ‹ôÙ ‚°¨Ó ‹Pı£òËú.

AÜÏàÓÜÏ Âº Àü¯£áÆü∞ ∫°π ‡ÙË ıÛÙ£üP° ™ºã ÍÇFËú ﬁÇ ËÏüË¨ÛË¨˜ ‹¨ÏâÓ˘. ﬁ°¡ ıÛÙ£¡ eá¥ã ÔËºA°¯∂. ﬁºÓ£ã Àü¯£á¥ ∫øı¨Óªã ÒQÓ∞Ùã ËÏâÓ∂ -- ËÏâÓ∂ ‚°¡Ó£° √¯´ıá¥ã. ﬁºàF´Ú£Û£ã Àü¯£áÆô Ô£ËKËã ÓäHä H¨ˆÇ∞Ò£ ‹ôÙ∂ Ë£Ü¥IÛ£áÆàÓ˘àFô iõâ∂M¥Ò£ - ‹Ó° ™Ó£ÏÇËã MKâ∂ ™Ë£áÆºä¨ÓàÓ£° Ô£ã ﬁä™£ø∂ £òà∂Ç ™Ë£áÆºÇA´¯£ã - ‚°∂ bòÇËÒ£˘ ‹ÛCÚô ´£Û£ÜÏÉËOô M¨˜æËOôÓ£˘ ÓÉAªú˜∂.

Íòı´ÓÍ ™Ó£NÙ£˜ ıòÇËàF° ÛâÓ ´Í£ÍLÍ ËÙ£ÑÍ£ÛàFü∞ πà∂Jò ™Ë£¥à∂ ËÜÏ¨Òä∂, ´Í£ÍLÍä πÛÜCÇË£˘ ‡ÙËÇ ËÜC¨Ú ËÜÏ¨Òä∂ ‚°∂ ‡Ï˘ÆÚ£˘ EÚ£∞ã. ‡ÙË ´Í£ÍLÍ ı¨Ùà Ó˜∫ã Ô£°Ë£ã ‹AÙàF° ‹¨˘à∂ÙËÇ ∞øæã ﬁäEJôÓ£° Óã¨Ò ‹òäEà∂Ç ™Ë£á¥ú˜˘. ﬁFô ﬁ¨Ìâ∂ ıºÉË£ÙàF° ÒQÓ∞Ùã ´Ò°¨Òªü¡ ‡ÚòıÓü∞ ‡ÉËú É¨Ë ›ü¡ı∂ ∞Pà∂ bMÛÒ£Ë CâFªÉËú ‚°¡ ´ËÜ¥Ç ™Ë£ú¿A´¯°.

∫ü¡ã.